
Effect of Two Limosilactobacillus Strains and Salmonella Challenge on Immune Markers in a Poultry Caecal Model

References
- 1. Geeta, Yadav, A. S., Pradhan, S., Rajoria, R., Kumar, M. A., Gopi, M., et al., 2021: Probiotic attributes of Lactobacillus fermentum NKN51 isolated from yak cottage cheese and the impact of its feeding on growth, immunity, caecal microbiology and jejunal histology in the starter phase of broiler birds. Indian J. Anim. Res., 55, 4, 451–456. DOI: 10.18805/ijar.B-3970
- 2. Ho, C. S., Wong, C. T. H., Aung, T. T., Lakshminarayanan, R., Mehta, J. S., Rauz, S., et al. 2025: Antimicrobial resistance: A concise update. Lancet Microbe, 6, 1, 100947. DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.010
- 3. Doke, S. K., Dhawale, S. C., 2025: Alternatives to animal testing: A review. Saudi Pharm. J., 23, 3, 223–229. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2013.11.002
- 4. Ghiselli, F., Rossi, B., Piva, A., Grilli, E., 2021: Assessing intestinal health. In Vitro and ex vivo gut barrier models of farm animals: Benefits and limitations. Front. Vet. Sci., 8, 723387. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.723387
- 5. Nash, T., Vervelde, L., 2022: Advances, challenges and future applications of avian intestinal in vitro models. Avian Pathol., 51, 4, 317–329. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2084363
- 6. Kiššová, Z., Mátis, G., Mackei, M., Tráj, P., Márton, R. A., Horváth, D. G., et al., 2025: Research note: Utilizing a novel chicken ileal explant model to assess the efficacy of probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCM 9425 against Salmonella Enteritidis infection. Poult. Sci., 104, 4, 104909. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104909
- 7. Kiššová, Z., Jaszcza, K., Vinclérová, V., Márton, R.A., Mackei, M., Mátis, G., et al., 2026: Dynamics of viability and apoptotic regulation in chicken ileal explant culture. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim., 62, 727–732. DOI: 10.1007/s11626-026-01173-z
- 8. Crhanova, M., Hradecka, H., Faldynova, M., Matulova, M., Havlickova, H., Sisak, F., et al., 2011: Immune response of chicken gut to natural colonization by gut microflora and to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection. Infect. Immun., 79, 7, 2755–2763. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01375-10
- Kolesarova, M., Spisakova, V., Matulova, M., Crhanova, M., Sisak, F., Rychlik, I., 2011: Characterisation of basal expression of selected cytokines in the liver, spleen, and respiratory, reproductive and intestinal tract of hens. Vet. Med. (Praha), 56, 7, 325–332. DOI: 10.17221/1586-VETMED
- De Boever, S., Vangestel, C., De Backer, P., Croubels, S., Sys, S. U., 2008: Identification and validation of housekeeping genes as internal control for gene expression in an intravenous LPS inflammation model in chickens. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 122, 3–4, 312–317. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.12.002
- 11. Almansour, N., Al-Rashed, F., Choudhry, K., Alqaderi, H., Sindhu, S., Al-Mulla, F., et al., 2025: Gut microbiota: A promising new target in immune tolerance. Front. Immunol., 16, 1607388. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1607388
- 12. Peterson, B. M., Rudloff, I., Deen, N. S., Di Simone S. K., Nataraja, R. M., Toldi, G., et al., 2025: The microbiome’s hidden influence: preclinical insights into inflammatory responses in necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin. Immunopathol., 47, 41. DOI: 10.1007/s00281-025-01059-4
- 13. Hoang, T. K., He, B., Wang, T., Tran, D. Q., Rhoads, J. M., Liu, Y., 2018: Protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 315, 2, G231–G240. DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00084.2017
- 14. Luo, Z., Chen, A., Xie, A., Liu, X., Jiang, S., Yu, R., 2023: Limosilactobacillus reuteri in immunomodulation: molecular mechanisms and potential applications. Front Immunol., 14, 1228754. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228754
- 15. Lee, H., Park, S. H., Shin, E. C., 2024: IL-15 in T-cell responses and immunopathogenesis. Immune Netw., 24, 1, e11. DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e11
- 16. Baughan, S. L., Folsom, T., Johnson, M., Kreuger, J., Webber, B. R., Moriarity, B. S., 2025: Perspective: IL-15 cytokine-armored NK cells as ready-to-use immunotherapy for diverse malignancies: therapeutic potential and toxicity risks. Front. Immunol., 16, 1704404. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1704404
- 17. Sahoo, M., Ceballos-Olvera, I., del Barrio, L., Re, F., 2011: Role of the inflammasome, IL-1β, and IL-18 in bacterial infections. Sci. World J., 11, 2037–2050. DOI: 10.1100/2011/212680
- 18. Chen, K. W., Groß, C. J., Sotomayor, F. V., Stacey, K. J., Tschopp, J., Sweet, M. J., et al., 2014: The neutrophil NLRC4 inflammasome selectively promotes IL-1β maturation without pyroptosis during acute Salmonella challenge. Cell Rep., 8, 2, 570–582. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.028
- 19. Kiššová, Z., Tkáčiková, Ľ., Mudroňová, D., Bhide, M. R., 2022: Immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus reuteri (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) and its exopolysaccharides investigated on epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Life (Basel), 12, 12, 1955. DOI: 10.3390/life12121955
- 20. Lee, E. S., Yun, H. J., Min, S. J., Park, J. Y., Lee, N. K., Paik, H. D., 2026: Anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WB4303 and WB4304 via modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells. Mol. Immunol., 194, 42–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2026.04.004
- 21. Zhang, S., Dogan, B., Guo, C., Herlekar, D., Stewart, K., Scherl, E. J., et al., 2020: Short chain fatty acids modulate the growth and virulence of pathosymbiont Escherichia coli and host response. Antibiotics (Basel)., 9, 8, 462. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080462
- 22. Mátis, G., Sebők, C., Horváth, D. G., Márton, R. A., Mackei, M., Vörösházi, J., et al., 2025: Miniature chicken ileal explant culture to investigate the inflammatory response induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Front. Vet. Sci., 12, 1484333. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1484333
Language: English
Page range: 55 - 61
Submitted on: Jun 24, 2026
Accepted on: Jul 27, 2026
Published on: Sep 30, 2026
Published by: The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Zuzana Kiššová, Veronika Vinclérová, Csilla Tóthová, Viera Karaffová, published by The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.