References
- 1. Adeolu, M., Gupta, R. S., 2014: A phylogenomic and molecular marker based proposal for the division of the genus Borrelia into two genera: the emended genus Borrelia containing only the members of the relapsing fever Borrelia, and the genus Borreliella gen. nov. containing the members of the Lyme disease Borrelia (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex). Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 105, 6, 1049—1072. DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0164-x.10.1007/s10482-014-0164-x24744012
- 2. Aronowitz, R. A., 2012: The rise and fall of the lyme disease vaccines: a cautionary tale for risk interventions in American medicine and public health. Milbank Q, 90, 2, 250—277. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00663.x.10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00663.x346020822709388
- 3. Bencurova, E., Gupta, S. K., Oskoueian, E., Bhide, M., Dandekar, T., 2018: Omics and bioinformatics applied to vaccine development against Borrelia. Mol. Omics., 14, 5, 330—340. DOI: 10.1039/c8mo00130h.10.1039/C8MO00130H
- 4. Bensaci, M., Bhattacharya, D., Clark, R., Linden, T. Hu., 2012: Oral vaccination with vaccinia virus expressing the tick antigen subolesin inhibits tick feeding and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi vaccination. Vaccine, 30, 42, 6040—6046. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.053.10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.053393895422864146
- 5. Bins, A. D., Jorritsma, A., Wolkers, M. C., Hung, Ch. Fu., Wu, T. C., Schumacher, T. N. M., Haanen, J. B. A. G., 2005: A rapid and potent DNA vaccination strategy defined by in vivo monitoring of antigen expression. Nat. Med., 11, 8, 899—904. DOI: 10.1038/nm1264.10.1038/nm126415965482
- 6. Bunikis, J., Tsao, J., Luke, C. J., Luna, A. G., Fish, D., Barbour, A. G., 2004: Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a natural population of Peromyscus leucopus mice: a longitudinal study in an area where Lyme Borreliosis is highly endemic. J. Infect. Dis., 189, 8, 1515—1523. DOI: 10.1086/382594.10.1086/38259415073690
- 7. CDC 24/7: Saving Lives, Protecting PeopleTM: Notice to Readers Availability of Lyme Disease Vaccine. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056299.htm. Updated January 22, 1999. Accesed February 19, 2021.
- 8. Comstedt, P., Hanner, M., Schüler. W., Meinke, A., Schlegl, R., Lundberg, U., 2015: Characterization and optimization of a novel vaccine for protection against Lyme borreliosis. Vaccine, 33, 44, 5982—5988. DOI: 10.1016/j. vaccine.2015.07.095.10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.095
- 9. Earnhart, C. G., Buckles, E. L., Marconi, R. T, 2006: Development of an OspC-based tetravalent, recombinant, chimeric vaccinogen that elicits bactericidal antibody against diverse Lyme disease spirochete strains. Vaccine, 25, 3, 466—480. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.052.10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.05216996663
- 10. Earnhart, C. G., Marconi, R. T., 2007: Construction and analysis of variants of a polyvalent Lyme disease vaccine: approaches for improving the immune response to chimeric vaccinogens. Vaccine, 25, 17, 3419—3427. DOI: 10.1016/j. vaccine.2006.12.051.10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.051
- 11. Embers, M. E., Narasimhan, S., 2013: Vaccination against Lyme disease: past, present, and future. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 3, 6. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00006.10.3389/fcimb.2013.00006356983823407755
- 12. Federizon, J., Frye, A., Huang, W-C., Hart, T. M., He, X., Beltran, C., et al., 2020: Immunogenicity of the Lyme disease antigen OspA, particleized by cobalt porphyrin-phospholipid liposomes. Vaccine, 38, 4, 942—950. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.073.10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.073698077231727504
- 13. Fingerle, V., Schulte-Spechtel, U. C., Ruzic-Sabljic, E., Leonhard, S., Hofmann, H., Weber, K., et al., 2008: Epidemiological aspects and molecular characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. from southern Germany with special respect to the new species Borrelia spielmanii sp. nov. Int. J. Med. Microbiol., 2, 279—290. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.05.002.10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.05.00217616434
- 14. Gerritzen, M. J. H., Martens, D. E., Wijffels, R. H., Van der Pol, L., Stork, M., 2017: Bioengineering bacterial outer membrane vesicles as vaccine platform. Biotechnol. Adv., 35, 5, 565—574. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.05.003.10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.05.00328522212
- 15. Gomes-Solecki, M., Arnaboldi, P. M., Backenson, P. B., Benach, J. L., Cooper, C. L., Dattwyler, R. J., et al., 2020: Protective immunity and new vaccines for Lyme disease. Clin. Infect. Dis., 70, 8, 1768—1773. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz872.10.1093/cid/ciz872715578231620776
- 16. Gomes-Solecki, M. J. C., Brisson, D. R., Dattwyler, R. J., 2006: Oral vaccine that breaks the transmission cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete can be delivered via bait. Vaccine, 24, 20, 4440—4449: DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.089.10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.08916198456
- 17. Hassan, W. S., Giaretta, P. R., Rech, R., Ollivault- Shiflett, M., Esteve-Gasent, M., 2019: Enhanced protective efficacy of Borrelia burgdorferi BB0172 derived-peptide based vaccine to control Lyme disease. Vaccine, 37, 5596—5606. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.092.10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.09231387750
- 18. Izac, J. R., O’Bier, N. S., Oliver, L. D., Camire, A. C., Earnhart, C. G., LeBlanc Rhodes, D. L. V., et al., 2020: Development and optimization of OspC chimeritope vaccinogens for Lyme disease. Vaccine, 38, 8,1915—1924. DOI: 10. 1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.027.10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.027708541031959423
- 19. Jan, A. T, 2017: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria: A perspective update. Front. Microbiol., 8, 1053. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01053.10.3389/fmicb.2017.01053546529228649237
- 20. Kamp, H. D., Swanson, K. A., Wei, R. R., Pradeep, K. D., Dharanipragada, R., Kern, A., Sharma, B., et al., 2020: Design of a broadly reactive Lyme disease vaccine. Npj. Vaccines, 5, 1, 1—10. DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0183-8.10.1038/s41541-020-0183-8719541232377398
- 21. Khatchikian, C. E., Nadelman, R. B., Nowakowski, J., Schwartz, I., Wormser, G. P., Brisson, D., 2014: Evidence for strain-specific immunity in patients treated for early Lyme disease. Infect. Immun., 82, 4, 1408—1411. DOI: 10.1128/IAI. 01451-13.10.1128/IAI.01451-13
- 22. Klouwens, M. J., Salverda, M. L. M., Trentelman, J. J., Ersoz, J. I., Wagemakers, A., Gerrizten, M. J., et al., 2021: Vaccination with meningococcal outer membrane vesicles carrying Borrelia OspA protects against experimental Lyme borreliosis. Vaccine, 39,18, 2561—2567. DOI: 10.1016/j.vac cine.2021.03.059.10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.059
- 23. Klouwens, M. J., Trentelman, J. J., Ersoz, J. I., Nieves Marques Porto, F., Sima, R., Hajdusek, O., et al., 2021: Investigating BB0405 as a novel Borrelia afzelii vaccination candidate in Lyme borreliosis. Sci. Rep., 11, 1, 4775. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84130-y.10.1038/s41598-021-84130-y791057333637813
- 24. Klouwens, M. J., Trentelman, J. J. A., Wagemakers, A., Ersoz, J. I., Bins, A. D., Hovius, J. W., 2021: Tick-tattoo: DNA vaccination against B. burgdorferi or Ixodes scapularis tick proteins. Front. Immunol., 12, 615011. DOI: 10.3389/fim mu.2021.615011.10.3389/fimmu.2021.615011
- 25. Kuleš, J., Horvatić, A., Guillemin, N., Galan, A., Mrljak, V., Bhide, M., 2016: New approaches and omics tools for mining of vaccine candidates against vector-borne diseases. Mol. Biosyst., 12, 9, 2680—2694. DOI: 10.1039/C6MB00 268D.10.1039/C6MB00268D
- 26. Kumar, M., Kaur, S., Kariu, T., Yang, X., Bossis, I., Anderson, J. F., et al., 2011: Borrelia burgdorferi BBA52 is a potential target for transmission blocking Lyme disease vaccine. Vaccine, 29, 48, 9012—9019, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine. 2011.09.035.10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.035
- 27. Kung, F., Kaur, S., Smith, A. A.,Yang, X., Wilder, C. N., Sharma, K., et al., 2016: A Borrelia burgdorferi surface-exposed transmembrane protein lacking detectable immune responses supports pathogen persistence and constitutes a vaccine target. J. Infect. Dis., 213, 11, 1786—1795. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw013.10.1093/infdis/jiw013485746826747708
- 28. Kutzler, M. A., Weiner, D. B., 2008: DNA vaccines: ready for prime time ? Nat. Rev. Genet., 9, 10, 776—788. DOI: 10. 1038/nrg2432.10.1038/nrg2432431729418781156
- 29. LaFleur, R. L., Callister, S. M., Dant, J. C., Jobe, D. A., Lovrich, S. D., Warner, T. F., et al., 2010: One-year duration of immunity induced by vaccination with a canine Lyme disease bacterin. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 17, 5, 870—874. DOI: 10. 1128/CVI.00524-09.10.1128/CVI.00524-09286339720237200
- 30. LaFleur, R. L., Dant, J. C., Wasmoen, T. L., Callister, S. M., Jobe, D. A., Lovrich, S., D., et al., 2009: Bacterin that induces anti-OspA and anti-OspC borreliacidal antibodies provides a high level of protection against canine Lyme disease. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 16, 2, 253—259. DOI: 10. 1128/CVI.00373-08.10.1128/CVI.00373-08264353419052162
- 31. Levy, S. A., 2002: Use of a C6 ELISA test to evaluate the efficacy of a whole-cell bacterin for the prevention of naturally transmitted canine Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Vet. Ther. Res. Appl. Vet. Med., 3, 4, 420—424.32.
- 32. Levy, S. A., Millership, J., Glover, S., Parker, D., Hogan, J., Heldorfer, M., et al., 2010: Confirmation of presence of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein C antigen and production of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein C in dogs vaccinated with a whole-cell Borrelia burgdorferi bacterin. Intern. J. Appl Vet. Med., 8, 3, 123—128.
- 33. Little, S. E., Heise, S. R., Blagburn, B. L., Callister, S. M., Mead, P. S., 2010: Lyme borreliosis in dogs and humans in the USA. Trends Parasitol., 26, 4, 213–—218. DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.01.006.10.1016/j.pt.2010.01.00620207198
- 34. Mancini, F., Rossi, O., Necchi, F., Micholi, F., 2020: OMV vaccines and the role of TLR agonists in immune response. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21, 12, 4416. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124416.10.3390/ijms21124416735223032575921
- 35. Marconi, R. T., Garcia-Tapia, D., Hoevers, J., Honsberger, N., King, V. L., Ritter, D., et al., 2020: VANGUARD®cr-Lyme: A next generation Lyme disease vaccine that prevents B. burgdorferi infection in dogs. Vaccine X, 6, 11, 100079. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2020.100079.10.1016/j.jvacx.2020.100079773314433336185
- 36. Meirelles Richer, L., Aroso, M., Contente-Cuomo, T., Ivanova, L., Gomes-Solecki, M., 2011: Reservoir targeted vaccine for Lyme borreliosis induces a yearlong, neutralizing antibody response to OspA in white-footed mice. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., CVI, 11, 18, 1809—1816. DOI: 10.1128/CVI.05226-11.10.1128/CVI.05226-11320901221918116
- 37. Murfin, K. E., Fikrig, E., 2017: Tick bioactive molecules as novel therapeutics: Beyond vaccine targets. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 7, 222. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00222.10.3389/fcimb.2017.00222545989228634573
- 38. Nadelman, R. B., Wormser G. P., 1998: Lyme borreliosis. Lancet, 352, 9127, 557—565. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (98)01146-5.10.1016/S0140-6736(98)01146-5
- 39. Nardelli, D. T., Munson, E. L., Callister, S. M., Schell, R., 2009: Human Lyme disease vaccines: past and future concerns. Future Microbiol., 4, 4, 457—469. DOI: 10.2217/fmb. 09.17.10.2217/fmb.09.17
- 40. Nayak, A., Schüler, W., Seidel, S., Gomez, I., Meinke, A., Comstedt, P., et al., 2020: Broadly protective multivalent OspA vaccine against Lyme borreliosis, developed based on surface shaping of the C-terminal fragment. Infect Immun., 88, 4. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00917-19.10.1128/IAI.00917-19709314131932330
- 41. Nelson, C. A., Saha, S., Kugeler, K. J., Delorey, M. J., Shankar, M. B., Hinckley, A. F., et al., 2015: Incidence of clinician-diagnosed Lyme disease, United States, 2005—2010. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 21, 9, 1625—1631. DOI: 10.3201/eid2109.150417.10.3201/eid2109.150417455014726291194
- 42. Nigrovic, L. E., Thompson, K. M., 2007: The Lyme vaccine: a cautionary tale. Epidemiol. Infect., 135, 1, 1—8. DOI: 10. 1017/S0950268806007096.10.1017/S0950268806007096287055716893489
- 43. Pereira, V. B., Zurita-Turk, M., Saraiva, T. D. L., De Castro, C. P., Souza, B. M., Agresti, P. M., et al., 2014: DNA vaccines approach: From concepts to applications. World J. Vaccines, 4, 2, 50—71. DOI: 10.4236/wjv.2014.42008.10.4236/wjv.2014.42008
- 44. Plotkin, S. A., 2016: Need for a new Lyme disease vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med., 375, 10, 911—913. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp 1607146.10.1056/NEJMp1607146
- 45. Pol van der, L., Stork, M., Ley van der, P., 2015: Outer membrane vesicles as platform vaccine technology. Biotechnol. J., 10, 11, 1689—1706. DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400395.10.1002/biot.201400395476864626912077
- 46. Poland, G. A., 2011: Vaccines against Lyme disease: What happened and what lessons can we learn ? Clin. Infect. Dis., 52, 253—258. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciq116.10.1093/cid/ciq11621217172
- 47. Radolf, J. D., Caimano, M. J., Stevenson, B., Hu, L. T., 2012: Of ticks, mice and men: understanding the dual-host lifestyle of Lyme disease spirochaetes. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 10, 2, 87—99. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2714.10.1038/nrmicro2714331346222230951
- 48. Rizzoli, A., Hauffe, H. C., Carpi, G., Vourc’h, G. I., Neteler, M., Rosa, R., 2011: Lyme borreliosis in Europe. Eurosurveillance, 16, 27, 19906, 1—8. DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.27. 19906-en.10.2807/ese.16.27.19906-en
- 49. RxList, 2016: Side Effects of Lymerix (Lipoprotein Outer Surface A Vaccine), Warnings, Uses. RxList. https://www.rx-list.com/lymerix-side-effects-drug-center.htm. Last reviewed on RxList April 29, 2016. Accessed February 19, 2021.
- 50. Scheckelhoff, M. R., Telford, S. R., Hu, L. T., 2006: Protective efficacy of an oral vaccine to reduce carriage of Borrelia burgdorferi (strain N40) in mouse and tick reservoirs. Vaccine, 24, 11, 1949—1957. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine. 2005.10.044.10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.10.044
- 51. Schuijt, T. J., Hovius, J. W., Poll van der, T., Dam van, A. P., Fikrig, E., 2011: Lyme borreliosis vaccination: the facts, the challenge, the future. Trends Parasitol., 27, 1, 40—47. DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.06.006.10.1016/j.pt.2010.06.00620594913
- 52. Seinost, G., Golde, W. T., Berger, B. W., Dunn, J. J., Qiu, D., Dunkin, D. S., et al., 1999: Infection with multiple strains of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in patients with Lyme disease. Arch. Dermatol., 135, 11, 1329—1333. DOI: 10.1001/archderm.135.11.1329.10.1001/archderm.135.11.132910566830
- 53. Sigal, L. H., Zahradnik, J. M., Lavin, P., Patella, S. J., Bryant, G., Haselby, R., et al., 1998: A vaccine consisting of recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein A to prevent Lyme disease. Recombinant outer-surface protein A Lyme disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 339, 4, 216—222. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199807233390402.10.1056/NEJM1998072333904029673299
- 54. Šmit, R., Postma, M. J., 2015: Lyme borreliosis: reviewing potential vaccines, clinical aspects and health economics. Expert. Rev. Vaccines, 14, 12, 1549—1561. DOI: 10.1586/1476 0584.2015.1091313.10.1586/14760584.2015.1091313
- 55. Stanek, G., Wormser, G., Gray, J., Strle, F., 2012: Lyme borreliosis. Lancet, 379, 9814, 461—473. DOI: 10.1016/S01 40-6736(11)60103-7.10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60103-7
- 56. Steere, A. C., Sikand, V. K., Meurice, F. Parenti, D. L., Fikrig, E., Schoen, R. T., et al., 1998: Vaccination against Lyme disease with recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface lipoprotein A with adjuvant. Lyme Disease Vaccine Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med., 339, 4, 209—215. DOI: 10. 1056/NEJM199807233390401.10.1056/NEJM1998072333904019673298
- 57. Steere, A. C., Strle. F., Wormser, G. P., Hu, L. T., Branda, J. A., Hovius, J. W. R., et al., 2016: Lyme borreliosis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primer, 2, 16090. DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.90.10.1038/nrdp.2016.90553953927976670
- 58. Sykes, R. A., Makiello, P., 2017: An estimate of Lyme borreliosis incidence in western Europe. J. Public Health Oxf. Engl., 39, 1, 74—81. DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw017.10.1093/pubmed/fdw01726966194
- 59. Todaro, W. T., Schoen, R. T., 2000: The Lyme disease vaccine: Conception, development, and implementation. Ann. Intern. Med., 132, 8, 661—668.10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-0000910766685
- 60. Töpfer, K. H., Straubinger, R. K., 2007: Characterization of the humoral immune response in dogs after vaccination against the Lyme borreliosis agent: A study with five commercial vaccines using two different vaccination schedules. Vaccine, 25, 2, 314—326. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.031.10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.03116930782
- 61. Valneva, 2020: Valneva Announces Acceleration of Pediatric Development for Lyme Disease Vaccine Candidate—Valneva. https://valneva.com/press-release/valneva-announces-acceleration-of-pediatric-development-for-lyme-disease-vaccine-candidate/. Updated December 2, 2020. Accessed February 4, 2021
- 62. Valneva, 2021: Valneva Announces Positive Initial Results for Phase 2 Study of Lyme Disease Vaccine Candidate—Valneva. https://valneva.com/press-release/valneva-announces-positive-initial-results-for-phase-2-study-of-lyme-disease-vaccine-candidate/. Updated July 22, 2020. Accessed February 4, 2021.
- 63. Valneva, 2021: Valneva Announces Positive Initial Results for Second Phase 2 Study of Lyme Disease Vaccine Candidate VLA15—Valneva. https://valneva.com/press-release/valneva-announces-positive-initial-results-for-second-phase-2-study-of-lyme-disease-vaccine-candidate-vla15/. Updated October 20, 2020. Accessed February 4, 2021.
- 64. Wagemakers, A., Mason, L. M. K., Oei, A., Wever de, B., Poll van der, T., Bins, A. D., et al., 2014: Rapid outer-surface protein C DNA tattoo vaccination protects against Borrelia afzelii infection. Gene Ther., 21, 1051—1057. DOI: 10. 1038/gt.2014.87.10.1038/gt.2014.8725273355
- 65. We Respect Animals—Bioveta, 2015: Borrelym 3—new unique vaccine. https://www.bioveta.eu/en/news/news-in-assortment/borrelym-3-new-unique-vaccine.html: Updated March 3, 2015. Accesssed March 15, 2020.
