3. Alberti, A., Zobba, R., Chessa, B., Addis, M. F., Sparagano, O., Parpaglia, M. L. P., et al., 2005: Equine and canine Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains isolated on the island of Sardinia (Italy) are phylogenetically related to pathogenic strains from the United States. Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 71, 10, 6418—6422. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.10.6418-6422.2005.10.1128/AEM.71.10.6418-6422.2005126591716204571
4. Ammustagui, I., Sainz, Á., Tesouro, M. Á., 2006: Serological evaluation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in livestock in Northwestern Spain. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 1078, 487—490. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.091.10.1196/annals.1374.09117114760
7. Belkahia, H., Said, M. B., Alberti, A., Abdi, K., Issaoui, Z., Hattab, D., et al., 2015: First molecular survey and novel genetic variants’ identification of Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale and A. bovis in cattle from Tunisia. Infect. Genet. Evol., 34, 361—371. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.017.10.1016/j.meegid.2015.06.01726117444
8. Ben Said, M., Belkahia, H., Messadi, L., 2018:Anaplasma spp. in North Africa: A review on molecular epidemiology, associated risk factors and genetic characteristics. Ticks and TickBorne Dis., 9, 3, 543‒—555. DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis. 2018.01.003.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.01.003
9. CDC, 2019:Anaplasmosis: Epidemiology and Statistics. Retrieved March 29, 2019, from Centers of Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/anaplasmosis/stats/index.html.
10. Chae, J. S., Heo, E. J., Park, J. H., Choi, K. S., Dumler, J. S., Lee, S. S., et al., 2009: Detection of antibodies reacting with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis from cats, horses and cattle in Korea. J. Vet. Clin., 26, 6, 515—519. DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.28710.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.287604655629996633
11. Chilton, N. B., Dergousoff S. J., Lysyk, T. J., 2018: Prevalence of Anaplasma bovis in Canadian population of the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni. Ticks and TickBorne Dis., 9, 6, 1528—1531. DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis. 2018.07.003.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.07.003
12. Cui, Y., Yan, Y., Wang, X., Cao, S., Zhang, Y., Jian, F., et al., 2017: First molecular evidence of mixed infections of Anaplasma species in dogs in Henan, China. Ticks and Tick Borne Dis., 8, 2, 283—289. DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.12.001.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.12.00127939637
14. Derdáková, M., Štefančíková, A., Špitalská, E., Tarageľová, V., Košťálová, T., Hrkľová, G., et al., 2011: Emergence and genetic variability of Anaplasma species in small ruminants and ticks from Central Europe. Vet. Microbiol., 153, 293—298. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.044.10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.04421684091
15. Dewage, B. G., Little, S., Payton, M., Beall, M., Braff, J., Szlosek, D., et al., 2019: Trends in canine seroprevalence to Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. in the eastern USA, 2010‒2017. Parasit. Vectors, 12, 1, 476. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3735-x.10.1186/s13071-019-3735-x679101131610803
16. dos Santos, T. M., Roier, E. C. R., Pires, M. S., Santos, H. A., Vilela, J. A. R., Peckle, M., et al., 2019: Molecular evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Theileria equi coinfection in horses from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vet. Anim. Sci., 7, 1—5. DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2019.100055.10.1016/j.vas.2019.100055738665132734076
17. Dumler, J. S., Barbet, A. F., Bekker, C. P., Dasch, G. A., Palmer, G. H., Ray, S. C., et al. 2001: Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia equi with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, description of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and “HGE agent” as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 51, 6, 2145—2165. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-51-6-2145.10.1099/00207713-51-6-214511760958
19. Ebani, V., Cerri, D., Fratini, F., Ampola, M., Andreani, E., 2008: Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic and wild animals from central Italy. New Microbiol., 31, 371—375.
21. Ebani, V. V., 2019: Serological evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. exposure in horses from Central Italy. Pathogens, 8, 88, 1—8. DOI: 10. 3390/pathogens8030088.10.3390/pathogens8030088678976131247976
22. Enkhataivan, B., Narantsatsral, S., Davaasuren, B., Otgonsuren, D., Amgalanbaatar, T., Uuganbayar E., et al., 2019: Molecular detection of Anaplasma ovis in small ruminants and ixodid ticks from Mongolia. Parasitol. Int., 69, 47—53. DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.11.004.10.1016/j.parint.2018.11.00430458297
23. Farkas, R., Gyurkovsky, M., Lukács, Z., Aladics, B., Solymosi, N., 2014: Seroprevalence of some vector-borne infections of dogs in Hungary. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis., 14, 4, 256—260. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1469.10.1089/vbz.2013.1469399303424689833
24. Flåttsenteret, 2019:Anaplasmose—Veileder for Helsepersonell. Retrieved March 28, 2019, from Norwegian National Centre for Tick-borne Diseases: https://xn-flttsenteret-ucb.no/sykdommer-og-symptomer/sykdommer/anaplasmose/.
25. Foley, J. E., Nieto, C. N., Adjemian, J., Dabritz, H., Brown, R. N., 2008:Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in small mammal hosts of Ixodes ticks, western United States. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 14, 7, 1147—1150. DOI:10.3201/eid1407.071599.10.3201/eid1407.071599260035918598645
26. Fourie, J. J., Evans, A., Labuschagne, M., Crafford, D., Madder, M., Pollmeier, M., et al., 2019: Transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) by Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) ticks feeding on dogs and artificial membranes. Parasit. Vectors, 12, 136. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3396-9.10.1186/s13071-019-3396-9643488130909972
28. Gofton, A. W., Waudby, H. P., Petit, S., Greay, T. L., Ryan, U. M., Irwin, P. J., 2017: Detection and phylogenetic characterization of novel Anaplasma and Erlichia species in Amblyomma triguttatum subsp. from four allopatric populations in Australia. Ticks and TickBorne Dis., 8, 5, 749—756. DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.05.009.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.05.009
29. Grandi, G., Aspán, A., Pihl, J., Gustafsson, K., Engström, F., Jinnerot, T., et al., 2018: Detection of tick-borne pathogens in lambs undergoing prophylactic treatment against ticks on two Swedish farms. Front. Vet. Sci., 5, 73, 1—6. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00072.10.3389/fvets.2018.00072
31. Henningsson, A. J., Hvidsten, D., Kristiansen, B., Matussek, A., Stuen, S., Jenkins, A., 2015: Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Norway using a real-time PCR assay targeting the Anaplasma citrate synthase gene gltA. BMC Microbiol., 15, 153, 1—6. DOI: 10.1186/st2866-015-0486-5.10.1186/s12866-015-0486-5
32. Hornok, S., Sugár, L., de Mera, I. G. F., de la Fuente, J., Horváth, G., Kovács, T., et al., 2018: Tick- and fly-borne bacteria in ungulates: the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, haemoplasmas and rickettsiae in water buffalo and deer species in Central Europe, Hungary. BMC Vet. Res., 14, 98. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1403-6.10.1186/s12917-018-1403-6
34. Jahfari, S., Coipan, E. C., Fonville, M., van Leeuwen, A. D., Hengeveld, P., Heylen, D., et al., 2014: Circulation of four Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes in Europe. Parasit. Vectors, 7, 365, 1—11. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-365.10.1186/1756-3305-7-365
36. Kocan, K. M., de la Fuente, J., Guglielmone, A. A., Meléndez, R. D., 2003: Antigens and alternatives for control of Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 16, 4, 698—712. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.16.4.698-712.200310.1128/CMR.16.4.698-712.2003
37. Kocan, K. M., de la Fuente, J., Blouin, E. F., Coetzee, J. F., Ewing, S. A., 2010: The natural history of Anaplasma marginale. Vet. Parasitol., 167, 2—4, 95—107. DOI: 10.1016/j. vetpar.2009.09.012.10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.012
39. Li, H., Zheng, Y. C., Ma, L., Jia, N., Jiang, B. G., Jiang, R. R., et al., 2015: Human infection with a novel tick-borne Anaplasma species in China: a surveillance study. Lancet Infect. Dis., 15, 6, 663—670. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70051-4.10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70051-4
40. Mattilsynet, 2018: Forsøksdyr: Persistens—overføring av A. phago cytophilum-smitte mellom flått og sau. Retrieved March 28, 2019, from The Norwegian Food Safety Authority: https://www.mattilsynet.no/dyr_og_dyrehold/dyrevelferd/forsoksdyr/forsoksdyrsoknader/persistens__overforing_av_a_phagocytophilumsmitte_mellom_flaatt_og_sau.32342.
43. Milner, J. M., van Beest, F. M., 2013: Ecological correlates of a tick-borne disease, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, in moose in southern Norway. Eur. J. Wildl. Res., 59, 3, 399—406. DOI: 10.1007/s10344-012-0685-4.10.1007/s10344-012-0685-4
47. Nogueira, R. M. S., Silva, A. B., Sato, T. P., de Sá, J. C., dos Santos, A. C. G., Filho, E. F. A., et al., 2017: Molecular and serological detection of Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses and ticks in Maranhão, Brazil. Pesqui. Vet. Bras., 37, 12, 1416—1422. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2017001200010.10.1590/s0100-736x2017001200010
48. Ojeda-Chi, M. M., Rodriguez-Vivas, R. I., Esteve-Gasent, M. D., León, A. P., Modarelli, J. J., Villegas-Perez, S., 2019: Molecular detection of rickettsial tick-borne agents in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus yucatanensis), Mazama deer (Mazama temama), and the ticks they host in Yucatan Mexico. Ticks and TickBorne Dis., 10, 2, 365—370. DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.018.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.01830503893
49. Ola-Fadunsin, S. D., Gimba, F. I., Abdullah, D. A., Sharma, R. S. K., Abdullah, F. J. F., Sani, R. A., 2018: Epidemiology and risk factors associated with Anaplasma marginale infection of cattle in Peninsular, Malaysia. Parasitol. Int., 67, 6, 659—665. DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.06.013.10.1016/j.parint.2018.06.01329960083
50. Parham, P. E., Waldock, J., Christophides, G. K., Hemming, D., Agusto, F., Evans, K. J., et al. 2015: Climate, environmental and socio-economic change: weighing up the balance in vector-borne disease transmission. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 370, 1—17. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0551.10.1098/rstb.2013.0551434295725688012
51. Passamonti, F., Veronesi, F., Cappelli, K., Capomaccio, S., Coppola, G., Marenzoni, M. L., et al., 2010:Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses and ticks: A preliminary survey of Central Italy. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 33, 1, 73—83. DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.08.002.10.1016/j.cimid.2008.08.00218805584
54. Razanske, I., Rosef, O., Radzijevskaja, J., Bratchikov, M., Griciuviene, L., Paulauskas, A., 2019: Prevalence and co-infection with tick-borne Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Southern Norway. Int. J. Parasitol., 8, 127—134. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.01.003.10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.01.003636045930766793
55. Rolim, M. F., Oliveira, F. C. R., Graca, F. A. S., Brasil, F. C., 2015: Serological evidence of exposure to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses from the Rio de Janeiro State Mounted Police bred in the urban zone. Ciênc. Anim. Bras., 16, 3, 377—387. DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v16i319865.10.1590/1089-6891v16i319865
56. Salvagni, C. A., Dagnone, A. S., Gomes, T. S., Mota, J. S., Andrade, G. M., Baldani, C. D., et al., 2009: Serologic evidence of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis in horses from central West Brazil. Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet., 19, 3, 135—140. DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612010000300002.10.1590/S1984-2961201000030000220943015
57. Schvartz, G., Epp, T., Burgess, H. J., Chilton, N. B., Pearl, D. L., Lohmann, K. L., 2015: Seroprevalence of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis and Lyme borreliosis in Canada as determined by a point-of-care enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Can. Vet. J., 56, 575—580.
59. Seo, M., Ouh, I. O., Lee, H., Geraldino, P. J. L., Rhee, M. H., Kwon, O. D., et al., 2018: Differential identification of Anaplasma in cattle and potential of cattle to serve as reservoir of Anaplasma capra, an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen. Vet. Microbiol., 226, 15—22. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic. 2018.10.008.10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.008
61. Springer, A., Montenegro, V. M., Schicht, S., Pantchev, N., Strube, C., 2018: Seroprevalence and current infections of canine vector-borne diseases in Nicaragua. Parasit. Vectors, 11, 585. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3173-1.10.1186/s13071-018-3173-1623356630419951
62. Stigum, V. M., Jaarsma, R. I., Sprong, H., Rolandsen, C. M., Mysterud, A., 2019: Infection prevalence and ecotypes of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in moose Alces, red deer Cervus elaphus, roe deer Capreolus and Ixodes ricinus ticks from Norway. Parasit. Vectors, 1, 12, 1—8. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3256-z.10.1186/s13071-018-3256-z631892930606222
66. Uminski, K., Kadkhoda, K., Houston, B. L., Lopez, A., MacKenzie, L. J., Lindsay, R., et al., 2018: Anaplasmosis: An emerging tick-borne disease of importance in Canada. IDCases, 14, 1—4, e00472. DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00472.10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00472627866730524954
69. Yabsley, M. J., Romines, J., Nettles, V. F., 2006: Detection of Babesia and Anaplasma species in rabbits from Texas and Georgia, USA. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis., 6, 1, 7—13. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.7.10.1089/vbz.2006.6.716584322
71. Yang, J., Han, R., Niu, Q., Liu, Z., Guan, G., Liu, G., et al., 2018: Occurrence of four Anaplasma species with veterinary and public health significance in sheep, northwestern China. Ticks and TickBorne Dis., 9, 1, 82—85. DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.10.005.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.10.00529037826
72. Yousefi, A., Rahbari, S., Shayan, P., Sadeghi-dehkordi, Z., Bahonar, A., 2017: Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis in sheep and goat in west highland pasture of Iran. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 7, 5, 455—459. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.017.10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.017
73. Zhou, M., Cao, S., Sevinc, F., Sevinc, M., Ceylan, O., Ekici, S., et al., 2017: Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Babesia, Theileria and Anaplasma amongst apparently healthy sheep and goats in the central region of Turkey. Ticks and TickBorne Dis., 8, 2, 246—252. DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis. 2016.11.006.10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.11.006