Utilization of Protein Hydrolysates from Animal Waste for the Production of Biostimulants in Wheat Cultivation (Triticum aestivum L.)

Parameter	Unit	Biostimulant preparation
Parameter	Unit	1	4a	8
Protein hydrolysate (PH)	-	collagen	collagen	collagen, keratin
Concentrate of pH	%	0.5	0.5	0.5
Active substance (AS)	-	sodium salicylate	titanium ascorbate	sodium salicylate
Concentrate of AS	%	0.03	0.01	0.03
Total N	%	1.30	1.00	1.10
pH	-	7.13	7.61	7.04
Density	g cm⁻¹	1.004±0.002	1.001±0.003	1.004±0.004
Colour	-	colourless	light yellow/yellow	light yellow

Length of winter wheat shoots and roots in response to foliar application of the protein preparation (vertical bars indicate the mean ± SE; n = 3)

Fresh weight of the shoots and roots of the winter wheat in response to foliar applications of a protein preparation (vertical bars indicate the mean ± SE; n = 3)

Table 2.

Amino acid content in wheat seedlings [g/kg]

Amino acid	Control	MU	1	MU	4a	MU	8	MU
Asp	4.98	0.59	5.63	0.67	4.95	0.59	5.15	0.61
Thr	1.69	0.22	1.74	0.22	1.74	0.22	1.83	0.23
Ser	1.55	0.21	1.59	0.22	1.54	0.21	1.62	0.22
Glu	3.61	0.48	3.72	0.49	3.53	0.47	3.84	0.51
Pro	1.93	0.28	1.84	0.27	1.78	0.26	2.09	0.31
Gly	1.91	0.22	1.15	0.13	1.94	0.22	2.00	0.23
Ala	2.37	0.28	2.48	0.30	2.39	0.28	2.51	0.30
Val	2.12	0.24	2.27	0.26	2.18	0.25	2.26	0.26
Ile	1.54	0.19	1.63	0.20	1.56	0.19	1.62	0.20
Leu	2.86	0.33	3.01	0.34	2.85	0.32	3.01	0.34
Tyr	0.87	0.13	0.86	0.13	0.83	0.13	0.99	0.15
Phe	2.91	0.38	3.01	0.39	2.84	0.37	2.96	0.38
His	0.92	0.12	0.97	0.13	0.87	0.11	0.91	0.12
Lys	3.15	0.38	3.32	0.40	3.12	0.38	3.24	0.40
Arg	2.13	0.31	2.45	0.36	2.21	0.32	2.23	0.32
Cys	0.44	0.05	0.41	0.05	0.41	0.05	0.48	0.06
Met	0.66	0.08	0.66	0.08	0.63	0.07	0.73	0.09

[i] MU- measurement uncertainty

Table 3.

Effect of foliar treatments on the mineral content in leaves of winter wheat.

Parameter	Unit	Code of Sample
Parameter	Unit	Control	1	4a	8
N	%	6.85±0.75a	6.76±0.74a	6.81±0.75a	6.82±0.75a
P	%	1.27±0.33a	1.20±0.31a	1.18±0.31a	1.18±0.31a
K	%	7.46±1.69a	7.19±1.63a	7.43±1.69a	7.25±1.65a
Mg	%	0.28±0.08a	0.28±0.08a	0.28±0.08a	0.29±0.08a
Ca	%	0.68±0.16a	0.68±0.16a	0.65±0.15a	0.68±0.16a
DM	%	95.0±13.1a	95.8±13.2a	94.9±13.1a	94.8±13.1a
B	mg/kg	5.83±1.94a	4.51±1.50a	4.64±1.5a	5.86±1.95a
Cu	mg/kg	5.25±1.22a	4.19±0.97a	4.17±0.97a	4.55±1.06a
Fe	mg/kg	83.1±26.2a	75.9±23.9b	75.1±23.7b	112.0±35.3c
Mn	mg/kg	113.0±21.1a	123±23a	129.0±24.1b	128.0±23.9b
Zn	mg/kg	48.9±17.5a	48.9±17.5a	42.0±15.0b	52.4±18.7a
Na	mg/kg	105.0±32.3a	90.7±27.9b	92.1±28.4b	110.0±33.9a

[i] The results are presented in dry matter (DM). Uncertainty determined at the specified confidence level of 95%, with the coverage factor k=2. Values for a single element designated with the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05, n=3) according to Tukey’s Kramer test for multiple comparisons

Table 4.

Effect of foliar treatments on the composition in the soil.

Parameter	Unit	Code of Sample
Parameter	Unit	Control	1	4a	8
Salinity	g KCl/kg	2.46a	2.23a	1.91b	1.92b
P	mg/100 g soil	11.5a	11.8a	13.3a	12a
K	mg/100 g soil	24.7a	22.5a	23.1a	21.3b
Mg	mg/100 g soil	19.4a	18.3a	18.7a	19.4a
B	mg/kg	2.52a	2.45a	5.93b	5.69b
Cu	mg/kg	1.95a	2.34b	3.92c	2.57b
Fe	mg/kg	272a	276a	343b	350b
Mn	mg/kg	4.42a	4.41a	5.92b	4.22a
Zn	mg/kg	3.47a	3.7a	5.04c	4.08b
Na	mg/kg	63.1a	31.4c	70b	65.5a
Nog	%	1.09a	1.08a	1.05a	1.15a
Cog	%	47.3a	47.4a	44.2a	50.4a
s.org	%	81.4a	81.5a	76.1a	86.6a
s.m.	%	81.9a	82a	81.4a	87.1a

[i] Values for a single element designated with the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05) according to Tukey’s Kramer test for multiple comparisons

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2025-0004 | Journal eISSN: 2300-7354 | Journal ISSN: 1230-3666

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Language: English

Page range: 40 - 48

Published on: Jun 4, 2025

Published by: Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

protein hydrolysates,

biostimulant,

foliar application,

Triticum aestivum L.

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Business management,

Business informatics,

Process management,

Industrial chemistry,

Cellulose, paper and textiles,

Polymer science and technology,

Materials sciences,

Biomaterials and natural materials

© 2025 Dorota Gendaszewska, Paulina Pipiak, Dorota Wieczorek, Katarzyna Miśkiewicz, Katarzyna Ławińska, Wioletta Popińska, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 33 (2025): Issue 1 (May 2025)

Utilization of Protein Hydrolysates from Animal Waste for the Production of Biostimulants in Wheat Cultivation (Triticum aestivum L.)

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