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Effect of the Surface modification of Cellulose nanofibers on the Mechanical Properties and Disintegrability of Specific PLA/Cellulose Composites Cover

Effect of the Surface modification of Cellulose nanofibers on the Mechanical Properties and Disintegrability of Specific PLA/Cellulose Composites

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
Volume 31 (2023): Issue 6 (December 2023)
By: Justyna Wietecha,  Janusz Kazimierczak and  Agata Jeziorna  
Open Access
|Dec 2023
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Chemical structure of a) polylactide chain, b) cellulose chain

Fig. 2.

Partially saponified fatty acid methyl esters of castor oil – ZS1 (simplified formula). a) Structure of ricinoleic acid as the main component of castor oil; b) possible products of the transesterification reaction of ricinoleic acid

Fig. 3.

Chemical structure of CTAB

Fig. 4.

Chemical structure of sucrose palmitate - P1670

Fig. 5.

SEM images of NFC samples functionalized with three different compatibilizers after spray drying; a) NFC/ZS1 – 50 μm scale bar (upper picture ) and 10 μm (lower picture); b) NFC/CTAB - 20 μm scale bar (upper picture ) and 5 μm (lower picture); c) NFC/ P1670 - 20 μm scale bar (uooer picture ) and 5 μm (lower picture)

Fig. 6.

Comparison of PXRD diffractograms of unmodified and surfactant modified NFC powder samples

Fig. 7.

SEM images of particles of cellulose nanofibers modified with surfactants after re-dispersion in water: a) NFC/ZS1, b) NFC/CTAB, c) NFC/P1670

Fig. 8.

Photos of composite foils (c-f) and reference samples of pure PLA (a-b)

Fig. 9.

Optical transmittance of neat PLA and PLA CNF composite films (with CNF fibers modified with various surfactants)

Fig. 10.

PXRD diffractograms of pure PLA and PLA NFC/surfactants films

Fig. 11.

DSC (bottom blue line) and TG (top green line) graphs of pure PLA (a-b) and PLA with unmodified NFC (c) and PLA NFC/ surfactants films (d-f)

Fig. 8.

Tensile strength and elongation at break of neat PLA and PLA/NFC composite films

Fig. 9.

Photos and diagram of mass loss of composite foils and reference samples of pure PLA crystalline and PLA amorphic forms after 2 and 3 weeks of composting

Fig. 10.

Disintegrability of PLA NFC composites and reference samples of pure PLA films over time

Physicochemical characteristics of PLA 6201D

Density, g/cm31,24
Melting point, °C155-170
Glass transition point, °C55-60
Contents of D-lactide isomer(%)1,4

TGA and DSC thermal characteristic of pure PLA and PLA NFC/surfactant composites

SampleTGDSC
T1 [°C]T inf [°C]T2 [°C]Δm [%]Tg[°C]ΔCp [J/g*K]Tcc [°C]ΔHcc [J/g]Tm [°C]ΔHm [J/g]
PLAcrystalline99,1122,9136,7-3,354,10,22––155,328,1
PLAamorphic77,6108,0130,9-2,2-3,557,90,54117,6-19,8153,620,1
142,5156,5165,5-1,3
PLA NFC/076,6110,3145,3-3,559,00,59122,1-16,0154,416,1
PLA NFC/ZS181,5109,5147,0-5,052,40,60116,0-18,3154,318,4
PLA NFC/CTAB90,3111,2133,8-3,759,20,60119,3-18,2154,618,2
PLA NFC/P 167092,6113,1137,4-4,257,60,60116,3-17,8154,617,8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2023-0051 | Journal eISSN: 2300-7354 | Journal ISSN: 1230-3666
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Language: English
Page range: 15 - 29
Published on: Dec 15, 2023
Published by: Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
PLA,
cellulose nanofibres,
surfactants,
green composites
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Business management,
Business informatics,
Process management,
Industrial chemistry,
Cellulose, paper and textiles,
Polymer science and technology,
Materials sciences,
Biomaterials and natural materials

© 2023 Justyna Wietecha, Janusz Kazimierczak, Agata Jeziorna, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 31 (2023): Issue 6 (December 2023)
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