Effect of eco-friendly digital printing on the fastness properties of single jersey knitted fabrics

Kadem, Füsun Doba; Özdemir, Şehpal

doi:10.2478/ftee-2023-0048

Figures & Tables

Fastness values of samples for Key color

Samples			Key
			Washing Fastness							Ironing Fastness						Rubbing Fastness
			Staining white cotton fabric						Change in colour shade	Dry		Dump		Wet		Dry	Wet
			Wool	Acrylic	Polyester	Nylon	Cotton	Acetate	Change in colour shade	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Dry	Wet
P30
	100 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	100 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	150 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4	¾
	150 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4	¾
	200 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	2/3	4/5	4/5	3
	200 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
P12
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	5	4/5	4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3/4	4/5	4	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4/5	4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	4
PK
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	4/5	4/5
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	¾
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	4/5	5	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3/4
PM
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	¾
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4	3/4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3/4	4/5	4	3/4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	4/5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	3
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	¾
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	¾
PV
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	3
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	¾
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3/4	4/5	4	3
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	¾
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4/5	4/5	2	4/5	4	4
V
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4/5
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	4/5	4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3/4	5	4/5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3/4	5	4/5	4/5
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	5	4/5
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4/5	5	3	5	5	4/5

Fastness values of samples for Magenta color

Samples			Magenta
			Washing Fastness							Ironing Fastness						Rubbing Fastness
			Staining white cotton fabric						Change in colour shade	Dry		Dump		Wet		Dry	Wet
			Wool	Acrylic	Polyester	Nylon	Cotton	Acetate	Change in colour shade	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Dry	Wet
P30
	100 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	100 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3/4
	150 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4	3
	150 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4	3
	200 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	2/3	4/5	4	3/4
	200 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4	4
P12
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	5	4/5	3/4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3/4	4/5	3/4	3/4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4	3/4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4	5	2/3	4/5	4	3/4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	5	4
PK
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	3	4/5	3/4	3/4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	4	3/4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	5	5	3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4	3/4
PM
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4	3/4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3/4	4/5	4/5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	4/5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4	3/4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3
PV
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3/4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3/4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3/4	4/5	4	3
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4	3/4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4/5	4/5	2	4/5	4	3/4
V
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3	5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4/5
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3/4	5	4/5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3/4	5	4/5	4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4

Thickener amount

Chemicals	Thickener Amount (g/L)
Chemicals	100 g	150 g	200g
Heraprint Aqua Ink	100	150	200
Setaprint NDG	25	25	25
sodium bicarbonate	25	25	25
Setaprint AP	3	3	3
Soda	5	5	5
Urea	100	100	100
Water	742	692	642
Total	1000

Fastness values of samples for Cyan color

Samples			Cyan
			Washing Fastness							Ironing Fastness						Rubbing Fastness
			Staining white cotton fabric						Change in colour shade	Dry		Dump		Wet		Dry	Wet
			Wool	Acrylic	Polyester	Nylon	Cotton	Acetate	Change in colour shade	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Dry	Wet
P30
	100 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5		4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3
	100 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	150 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4	3/4
	150 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4	3/4
	200 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
	200 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4	4/5	2/3	4/5	4	3/4
P12
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	5	4/5	4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3/4	4/5	4/5	3/4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3/4	5	4/5	4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4	4/5	2/3	4/5	5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	5	4
PK
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4	3/4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4/5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4	3/4
PM
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	4/5	3/4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	3/4	4/5	4/5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	4/5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	2/3	4/5	4/5	4
PV
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4	3/4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	2/3	4/5	4	3
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3/4	4/5	4/5	3
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	4/5	5	2/3	4/5	5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	4/5	4/5	2	4/5	45	3
V
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3/4	5	5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3/4	5	5	4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4/5
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4	5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4

Physical properties of fabrics

Samples		mass per unit area (g/m²)	Thickness (mm)	Wale per cm	Course per cm
P12
	100 g-10 m	180.457	0.385	9.84	8.66
	100 g-6 m	146.622	0.369	9.45	7.87
	150 g-10 m	182.14	0.367	9.84	8.66
	150 g-6 m	197.56	0.355	9.84	8.66
	200 g- 10 m	191.64	0.387	9.84	8.66
	200 g- 6 m	156.026	0.359	9.84	8.27
P30
	100 g-10 m	167.928	0.354	18.91	16.08
	100 g-6 m	148.106	0.341	17.16	15.83
	150 g-10 m	130.82	0.390	18.08	14.5
	150 g-6 m	132.52	0.356	18.83	14.75
	200 g- 10 m	150.582	0.369	18.41	15.58
	200 g- 6 m	126.257	0.357	17.75	14.91
PK
	100 g-10 m	161.853	0.370	9.06	8.27
	100 g-6 m	142.635	0.369	10.33	7.91
	150 g-10 m	166.68	0.388	9.40	8.79
	150 g-6 m	141.02	0.369	8.86	8.22
	200 g- 10 m	166.782	0.389	9.45	8.27
	200 g- 6 m	143.902	0.360	9.06	7.68
PM
	100 g-10 m	154.533	0.382	30.83	18.58
	100 g-6 m	143.884	0.353	30.25	18.33
	150 g-10 m	152.044	0.370	30.5	18.83
	150 g-6 m	145.666	0.407	29.83	18.25
	200 g- 10 m	125.96	0.386	28.91	18.16
	200 g- 6 m	135.471	0.359	29.66	18.41
PV
	100 g-10 m	151.195	0.548	30.25	18.75
	100 g-6 m	139.155	0.502	28.58	18.5
	150 g-10 m	143.257	0.58	26.83	18.5
	150 g-6 m	132.92	0.532	27.91	18.16
	200 g- 10 m	158.737	0.579	30.16	18.5
	200 g- 6 m	135.6	0.521	28.16	18.42
V
	100 g-10 m	145.035	0.572	30	17.75
	100 g-6 m	133.733	0.559	28.83	17.83
	150 g-10 m	141.635	0.581	29	18.16
	150 g-6 m	127.306	0.564	28.83	17.66
	200 g- 10 m	175.364	0.589	30.83	18.33
	200 g- 6 m	152.24	0.557	30.66	18.66

Color change of thickener amount

Samples	Fixing time	Amount of thickener	Color	ΔE	Grey scale values
PK	10 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	2.47	3/4
			K	1	4/5
			M	3.01	3
			Y	1.7	4
	6 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	3.3	3
			K	0.69	4/5
			M	3.9	3
			Y	1.59	4
	10 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	2.84	3/4
			K	1.29	4
			M	1.19	4/5
			Y	2.73	3/4
	6 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	1.22	4/5
			K	0.51	4/5
			M	3.62	3
			Y	1.76	4
P12	10 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	3.99	3
			K	0.72	4/5
			M	3.35	3
			Y	2.56	3/4
	6 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	3.42	3
			K	1.41	4
			M	2.74	3/4
			Y	3.32	3
	10 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	1.89	4
			K	0.48	4/5
			M	2.96	3/4
			Y	4.12	3
	6 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	2.9	3/4
			K	1.3	4
			M	1.72	4
			Y	2.74	3/4
P30	10 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	2.35	3/4
			K	3.12	3
			M	3.71	3/4
			Y	3.8	3/4
	6 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	2	4
			K	3.11	3
			M	5.02	2/3
			Y	3.87	3
	10 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	1.57	4
			K	2.18	3/4
			M	3.2	3
			Y	2.62	3/4
	6 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	3.18	3
			K	0.42	4/5
			M	2.61	3/4
			Y	5.18	2/3
PM	10 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	3.28	3
			K	1.99	4
			M	2.42	3/4
			Y	4.08	3
	6 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	2.02	4
			K	2.59	3/4
			M	0.53	4/5
			Y	1.27	4
	10 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	5.62	2/3
			K	1.31	4
			M	2.66	3/4
			Y	2	4
	6 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	2.32	3/4
			K	1.74	4
			M	1.73	4
			Y	1.31	4
PV	10 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	2.32	3/4
			K	1.84	4
			M	2.84	3/4
			Y	5.05	2/3
	6 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	2.09	4
			K	0.42	4/5
			M	1	4/5
			Y	1.17	4
	10 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	2.92	3/4
			K	2.95	3
			M	3	3
			Y	4.89	2/3
	6 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	3.68	3
			K	0.63	4/5
			M	1.41	4
			Y	1.75	4
V	10 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	1.12	4/5
			K	1.29	4
			M	1.67	4
			Y	2.26	4
	6 minutes	150 g and 100 g	C	4.85	2/3
			K	3.36	3
			M	4.53	2/3
			Y	4.36	2/3
	10 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	1.7	4
			K	1.42	4
			M	2.94	3/4
			Y	2.8	3/4
	6 minutes	150 g and 200 g	C	3.76	3
			K	3.33	3
			M	4.73	2/3
			Y	4.92	2/3

Pretreatment recipes

For viscose fabrics
Chemicals	Rate	Amount
Beam bunder	1.25 g/L	627.5 g
Alkaline	2 g/L	1004 g
Stabilized Peroxide	%8 /fabric weight	264 g
Acedic Acid	0.35 mL/L	175.7 mL
Anti-peroxide	0.32 mL/L	160.64 mL
For other fabrics
Chemicals	Rate	Amount
Beam bunder	1.25 g/L	627.5 g
Wetting Agent	2 g/L	1004 g
Caustic(48-49 Be)	4mL/L	3220 mL
Stabilized Peroxide	%4 /fabric weight	2440 g
Acedic Acid	1 mL/L	805 mL
Anti-peroxide	0.7 mL/L	563.5 mL

Fastness values of samples for Yellow color

Samples			Yellow
			Washing Fastness							Ironing Fastness						Rubbing Fastness
			Staining white cotton fabric						Change in colour shade	Dry		Dump		Wet		Dry	Wet
			Wool	Acrylic	Polyester	Nylon	Cotton	Acetate	Change in colour shade	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Immediately	After 4 Hours	Dry	Wet
P30
	100 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	100 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4/5
	150 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4/5	4
	150 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	200 g	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4/5
	200 g	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4/5
P12
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	5	4/5	4/5
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	5	3/4	4/5	4/5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4/5	4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	4	5	3	4/5	4/5	4/5
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4/5
PK
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	4/5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4/5
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	5	5	3/4	4/5	4/5	4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	5	5	3	5	4/5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	5	4/5	4
PM
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	3	4/5	4/5	4/5
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	4/5	5	3/4	4/5	4/5	4/5
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	4/5	5	3	4/5	5	4/5
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	3	5	4/5	4/5
PV
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	5	5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	4/5	3/4	5	4/5	4
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	4/5	5	3/4	5	4/5	4
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	4/5	4/5	3	4/5	4/5	4
V
	100	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4/5
	100	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4/5
	150	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	5	5	3/4	5	5	4/5
	150	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	5	5	3/4	5	5	4/5
	200	6 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	4/5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4/5
	200	10 m	5	5	5	5	5	5	4/5	5	5	5	5	3	5	5	4/5

Knitting process

Sample properties	Yarn count (Ne)	Machine fineness	Machine diameter (inch)	Total number of needles
P30	30	28	30	2640
PM	30	28	30	2640
PV	30	28	30	2640
V	30	28	30	2640
P12	12	12	30	1128
PK	12	12	30	1128

Color differences of fabrics (6 minutes and 10 minutes fixation times)

Samples	Amount of thickener	Color	ΔE	Grey scale values
PK	100 g	C	3.57	3
		K	3.58	3
		M	3.25	3
		Y	4.39	2/3
	150 g	C	3.64	3
		K	2.48	3/4
		M	2.79	3/4
		Y	1.81	4
	200 g	C	4.24	2/3
		K	3.41	3
		M	4.19	2/3
		Y	4.6	2/3
P12	100 g	C	2.65	3/4
		K	0.93	4/5
		M	2.7	3/4
		Y	3.49	3
	150 g	C	2.51	3/4
		K	0.38	5
		M	2.86	3/4
		Y	3.09	3
	200 g	C	5.18	2/3
		K	0.87	4/5
		M	3.31	3
		Y	5.22	2/3
P30	100 g	C	0.51	4/5
		K	3.19	3
		M	3.44	3
		Y	2.68	3/4
	150 g	C	1.73	4
		K	0.48	4/5
		M	0.72	4/5
		Y	1.35	4
	200 g	C	4.38	2/3
		K	2.49	3
		M	5.78	2/3
		Y	4.52	2/3
PM	100 g	C	1.83	4
		K	1.02	4/5
		M	1.38	4/5
		Y	0.94	4/5
	150 g	C	1.85	4
		K	0.37	5
		M	1.72	4
		Y	3.34	3
	200 g	C	5.02	2/3
		K	0.26	5
		M	3.6	3
		Y	1.9	4
PV	100 g	C	4.82	2/3
		K	1.43	4
		M	5.52	2/3
		Y	4.56	2/3
	150 g	C	3.98	3
		K	0.86	4/5
		M	2.03	3/4
		Y	2.28	3/4
	200 g	C	5.75	2/3
		K	1.59	4
		M	3.58	3
		Y	3.23	3
V	100 g	C	2.87	3/4
		K	1.49	4
		M	3.49	3
		Y	3.2	3
	150 g	C	5.57	2/3
		K	3.17	3
		M	3.28	3
		Y	4.64	2/3
	200 g	C	3.96	3
		K	1.7	4
		M	4.88	2/3
		Y	4.09	3

Yarn properties

Yarn Properties	P30	V	PV	PM	P12	PK
Uniformity(%)	9.33	10.66	9.14	8.96	10.25	19.61
CV- %	11.78	13.45	11.51	11.33	13	25.37
Thin -40%	16.5	137.5	14	11	40.5	3987
Thin places-50%	0	2	0	0	0	70
Thick places +35%	187	282	144	146	618	5076
Thick places +50%	14	23.5	7.5	15.5	86	2652
Neps +200%	15	37	34	49.5	46.5	3912
Neps +280%	3	9	7	11.5	6.5	1296
Hairiness	4.67	5.6	5.64	6.43	7.44	9.35
B-Force (gF)	408.6	405.9	310.1	373.8	8.04	595.5
Elongation (%)	5.63	14.72	5.88	6.7	6.94	6.53
Rkm (km)	20.76	20.62	15.75	18.99	16.11	11.61
B-Work (N.cm)	6.137	18.6	5.405	7.549	13.802	9.44

Effect of eco-friendly digital printing on the fastness properties of single jersey knitted fabrics

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Fastness values of samples for Key color

Fastness values of samples for Magenta color

Thickener amount

Fastness values of samples for Cyan color

Physical properties of fabrics

Color change of thickener amount

Pretreatment recipes

Fastness values of samples for Yellow color

Knitting process

Color differences of fabrics (6 minutes and 10 minutes fixation times)

Yarn properties

Paradigm

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