Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
List of materials with characteristics
| Textile materials | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variant number | Top side | Bottom side | Knitting technology | Yarns | Weave |
| 1 | large diameter cylindrical crochet machine (Mayer & Cie, OVJA 1.6 EE 3/2 ET) | PES dtex 167 f 32/1 x 3, PES dtex 330 f 72/4 | modified incomplete four-color jacquard with a filling in the form of a thread in each row | ||
| 2 | large diameter cylindrical crochet machine (Mayer & Cie, OVJA 1.6 EE 3 WT) | PES dtex 167/1, Elastan dtex 44 | full two-color jacquard (in some areas there is a jacquard with a modified structure causing an openwork effect) | ||
| 3 | large diameter cylindrical crochet machine (Mayer & Cie, OVJA 1.6 EE 3/2 ET) | PES dtex 167/1 | incomplete four-color double-sided jacquard | ||
| 4 | large diameter cylindrical crochet machine (Mayer & Cie) | PES dtex 167/1 | incomplete three-color jacquard (in some areas there is a jacquard with a modified structure causing an openwork effect) | ||
| 5 | small diameter cylindrical crochet machine | PES 450 dtex | striped jacquard (alternating leftright and jacquard weave stripes) | ||
| 6 | flat knitting machine (CMS 502 HP B multi gauge E7.2) | PES dtex 167/32/1, Elastan dtex 156 | two-layer knitted fabric with a tuck stitch system | ||
| 7 | flat knitting machine (CMS ADF-3 E7.2) | PES dtex 167/32/1, Elastan dtex 156, Hot Melt 220 dtex | two-layer knitted fabric composed of three weave systems: jacquard, openwork and tuck stitches | ||
| 8 | flat knitting machine (CMS 330 HP W TT sport E7.2) | PES 167 dtex, Lycra 156 dtex | two-layer knitted fabric with openwork weave areas | ||
| 9 | flat knitting machine (CMS 330 HP W TT sport E7.2) | PES 167 dtex, Lycra 156 dtex | two-layer knitted fabric with openwork and jacquard weave areas | ||
| 10 | flat knitting machine (CMS 502 HP+ multi gauge E7.2) | PES 167 dtex, Lycra 156 dtex | two-layer knitted fabric composed of jacquard (positivenegative) and openwork weave systems | ||
| Commercial textile uppers | |||||
| 11 | The upper consists of two knitted fabrics connected with an embroidery thread, the upper part is made of a two-layer knitted fabric joined with tucks, the bottom is an interlock knitted fabric | ||||
| 12 | Two-layer knitted fabric combined with tuck stitches and an openwork weave | ||||
| Leather materials | |||||
| 13 | Chrome-tanned cow leather, vegetable-syntan retanning, polished face finished by pouring using roll coater, fixed with a water-based polyurethane varnish | ||||
| 14 | Chrome-tanned cow leather, chrome-syntan retanning | ||||
Results of the sorption properties of the tested variants - relative values in the ranking scale 1-5
| Variant number | Wetting time of top surface, WTT 1-5 | Wetting time of bottom surface, WTB 1-5 | Absorption rate of top surface, TAR, 1-5 | Absorption rate of bottom surface, BAR 1-5 | Maximum wetting radius for top surface, MWRT 1-5 | Maximum wetting radius for bottom surface, MWRB 1-5 | Spreading speed on top surface, TSS 1-5 | Spreading speed on bottom surface, BSS 1-5 | Accumulative one-way transport index, R 1-5 | Overall moisture management capacity, OMMC 1-5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.25 | 3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.25 | 1 |
| 2 | 3 | 3.25 | 2.5 | 2.75 | 2.5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3.75 | 2.75 |
| 3 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| 4 | 4.25 | 4.25 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2.25 |
| 5 | 3.5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 8 | 3.5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 9 | 3.5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 1 |
| 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 11 | 3.5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 12 | 4 | 35 | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2 |
| 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 14 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Results of measurements of structural parameters
| Variant number | Thickness, h mm | Mass per square meter, Mp g/m2 | Course density, Pr number of courses/dm | Wale density, Pk number of wales/dm | Loop width, A mm | Loop height, B mm | Loop shape coefficient, C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.91 | 730 | 37 | 71 | 1.41 | 2.70 | 1.92 |
| 2 | 1.56 | 372 | 98 | 93 | 1.08 | 1.02 | 0.95 |
| 3 | 1.70 | 488 | 77 | 89 | 1.12 | 1.30 | 1.16 |
| 4 | 1.48 | 348 | 97 | 86 | 1.16 | 1.03 | 0.89 |
| 5 | 3.55 | 973 | 122 | 72 | 1.39 | 0.82 | 0.59 |
| 6 | 3.18 | 1219 | 88 | 59 | 1.69 | 1.14 | 0.67 |
| 7 | 3.15 | 1024 | 89 | 59 | 1.69 | 1.12 | 0.66 |
| 8 | 3.44 | 984 | 122 | 80 | 1.25 | 0.82 | 0.66 |
| 9 | 3.48 | 1173 | 108 | 76 | 1.32 | 0.93 | 0.70 |
| 10 | 3.49 | 1089 | 106 | 79 | 1.27 | 0.94 | 0.75 |
| 11 | 2.42 | 915 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 11a | 1.74 | 750 | 70 | 52 | 1.92 | 1.43 | 0.74 |
| 11b | 0.68 | 165 | 198 | 162 | 0.62 | 0.51 | 0.82 |
| 12 | 2.47 | 1147 | 118 | 68 | 1.47 | 0.85 | 0.58 |
| 13 | 1.80 | 1009 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 14 | 1.45 | 905 | - | - | - | - | - |
Results of measurements of water vapor permeability
| Variant number | Relative water vapor permeability, RWVP % | Water vapor resistance, Ret Pa · m2 · W-1 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 41.4 | 10.0 |
| 2 | 61.0 | 4.4 |
| 3 | 52.1 | 6.4 |
| 4 | 56.1 | 5.3 |
| 5 | 22.7 | 23.2 |
| 6 | 51.0 | 6.2 |
| 7 | 33.2 | 12.9 |
| 8 | 31.1 | 14.2 |
| 9 | 22.7 | 22.0 |
| 10 | 24.2 | 10.1 |
| 11 | 28.0 | 16.6 |
| 12 | 29.5 | 15.3 |
| 13 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 14 | 31.1 | 14.6 |
Results of sorption properties of tested variants - absolute values
| Variant number | Wetting time of top surface, WTT s | Wetting time of bottom surface, WTB s | Absorption rate of top surface, TAR, %/s | Absorption rate of bottom surface, BAR %/s | Maximum wetting radius for top surface, MWRT mm | Maximum wetting radius for bottom surface, MWRB mm | Spreading speed on top surface, TSS mm/s | Spreading speed on bottom surface, BSS mm/s | Accumulative one-way transport index, R - | Overall moisture management capacity, OMMC - |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.658 | 12.823 | 13.604 | 12.506 | 7.500 | 7.500 | 1.234 | 1.127 | -45.566 | 0.076 |
| 2 | 1.742 | 9.828 | 26.865 | 36.422 | 12.500 | 10.000 | 0.666 | 0.696 | 261.570 | 0.420 |
| 3 | 21.528 | 8.517 | 41.943 | 51.433 | 10.000 | 10.000 | 0.484 | 0.741 | 129.866 | 0.315 |
| 4 | 3.464 | 3.604 | 40.290 | 42.022 | 20.000 | 20.000 | 3.546 | 3.433 | 13.622 | 0.362 |
| 5 | 7.676 | 11.326 | 18.379 | 21.517 | 10.000 | 10.000 | 1.489 | 0.899 | 9.422 | 0.100 |
| 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 8 | 6.271 | 120.000 | 78.578 | 0.000 | 5.000 | 0.000 | 0.774 | 0.000 | -936.689 | 0.000 |
| 9 | 5.897 | 14.040 | 6.918 | 8.558 | 10.000 | 5.000 | 1.176 | 0.351 | -29.673 | 0.023 |
| 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 11 | 7.020 | 50.544 | 81.606 | 5.012 | 5.000 | 5.000 | 0.694 | 0.099 | -941.899 | 0.000 |
| 12 | 4.212 | 4.587 | 20.884 | 25.140 | 10.000 | 15.000 | 1.665 | 2.106 | 97.732 | 0.298 |
| 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 14 | 120.000 | 120.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 6.717 | 0.060 |
Results of measurements of air permeability
| Variant number | Air permeability, P dm3/m2s |
|---|---|
| 1 | 417.36 |
| 2 | 1422.80 |
| 3 | 1014.93 |
| 4 | 1588.79 |
| 5 | 275.08 |
| 6 | 882.14 |
| 7 | 1688.39 |
| 8 | 882.14 |
| 9 | 1432.29 |
| 10 | 264.64 |
| 11 | 986.48 |
| 12 | 327.25 |
| 13 | 0.00 |
| 14 | 0.86 |
Results of measurements of thermal-insulating properties measured on the Alambeta device
| Variant number | Thickness, h | Thermal conductivity, λ | Thermal diffusion, a | Thermal absorption, b | Thermal resistance, r | Relative thermal resistance related to material thickness, rrel | Maximal and stationary heat flow quotient, I | Stationary heat flow density at contact point, s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mm | 10-3W · m-1 · K-1 | 10-6 m2 · s-1 | W · m-2 · s1/2 ·K-1 | 10-3 W-1 · K ·m2 | W-1 · K ·m | - | W · K · m-2 | |
| 1 | 2.44 | 51.2 | 0.243 | 104.0 | 47.6 | 19.51 | 2.01 | 0.295 |
| 2 | 1.53 | 42.4 | 0.179 | 100.0 | 36.1 | 23.59 | 1.87 | 0.359 |
| 3 | 1.73 | 55.6 | 0.182 | 130.0 | 31.0 | 17.92 | 2.16 | 0.477 |
| 4 | 1.53 | 48.8 | 0.175 | 117.0 | 31.3 | 20.46 | 1.96 | 0.457 |
| 5 | 4.21 | 55.3 | 0.836 | 60.5 | 76.2 | 18.10 | 1.98 | 0.181 |
| 6 | 3.25 | 59.0 | 0.772 | 67.1 | 55.1 | 16.95 | 1.52 | 0.190 |
| 7 | 3.59 | 51.9 | 0.145 | 136.0 | 69.3 | 19.30 | 3.10 | 0.305 |
| 8 | 4.21 | 53.2 | 0.321 | 93.9 | 79.2 | 18.81 | 1.76 | 0.163 |
| 9 | 4.77 | 50.9 | 0.495 | 72.4 | 93.6 | 19.62 | 1.51 | 0.118 |
| 10 | 3.50 | 66.3 | 0.452 | 98.7 | 52.8 | 15.09 | 1.50 | 0.195 |
| 11 | 2.78 | 51.4 | 0.162 | 128.0 | 54.0 | 19.42 | 3.13 | 0.392 |
| 12 | 4.65 | 47.0 | 0.630 | 59.2 | 98.8 | 21.25 | 1.55 | 0.109 |
| 13 | 1.58 | 55.1 | 0.078 | 197.0 | 28.6 | 18.10 | 1.90 | 0.466 |
| 14 | 1.41 | 56.1 | 0.062 | 226.0 | 25.2 | 17.87 | 2.41 | 0.663 |