Fig. 1.
Research framework
Fig. 2.
Color samples with accompanying information
Fig. 3.
Texture samples with accompanying information
Fig. 4.
Essential oils and liquids dripped onto textiles
Fig. 5.
Experimental setup
Table 1.
Distribution of adjectives in previous scientific articles and study areas
| Semantic differential | Study |
|---|---|
| Boring-Interesting | Habyba et al. [42], Lokman et al. [43], Fischl G. [44] |
| Cheap-Luxurious | Habyba et al. [42], Lokman et al. [43] |
| Disturbing-Calm | Habyba et al. [42], Lokman et al. [43], Fischl G. [44], Janssens J. [45], Evensen et al. [46], |
| Insensitive-Sensitive | Lokman et al. [43] |
| Unattractive-Attractive | Lokman et al. [43], Santos M. [47] |
Table 2.
Mean values (M) and standard deviation (SD) of ratings for color samples, and the number of participants selecting a specific sample as having the highest attribute value
| Unattractive-Attractive | Boring-Interesting | Frequencies of choices | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | M | SD | M | SD | Most attractive | Most unattractive | Most interesting | Most boring |
| 1 - Black | 4.6 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 21 |
| 2 - Sulphur Spring | 4.3 | 1.7 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 4 | 10 | 11 | 4 |
| 3 - Caramel Cafe | 3.8 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 3 | 20 | 2 | 16 |
| 4 - Desert Sage | 5.3 | 1.6 | 4.7 | 1.5 | 17 | 5 | 9 | 8 |
| 5 - Pink Yarrow | 5.8 | 1.4 | 6.1 | 1.0 | 19 | 4 | 20 | 2 |
| 6 - Blazing Yellow | 4.5 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 6 | 7 | 12 | 3 |
Fig. 6.
Five clusters of ratings of sample color
Note. Attr = ratings for the attractive-unattractive semantic differential. Int = ratings for the interesting-boring semantic differential. 1 = Black. 2 = Sulphur Spring. 3 = Caramel Café. 4 = Desert Sage. 5 = Pink Yarrow. 6 = Blazing Yellow
Table 3.
Mean values (M) and standard deviation (SD) of ratings for texture samples
| Unattractive-Attractive | Insensitive-Sensitive | Frequencies of choices | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | M | SD | M | SD | Most attractive | Most unattractive | Most insensitive | Most sensitive |
| 1 - Cloqué jacquard | 5.2 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 1.4 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 8 |
| 2 - Knitted rib | 6.1 | 0.9 | 5.8 | 1.1 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
| 3 - Suede leather | 5.3 | 2.0 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 18 | 5 | 7 | 15 |
| 4 - Canvas | 4.0 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 6 |
| 5 - Crochet | 3.7 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 3 | 22 | 32 | 2 |
| 6 - Boiled wool | 3.5 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 1 | 14 | 9 | 2 |
Fig. 7.
Two clusters of texture attribute ratings
Note. Attr = ratings for the attractive-unattractive semantic differential. Sens = ratings for the insensitive-sensitive semantic differential. 1 = cloqué jacquard, 2 = knitted rib, 3 = suede leather, 4 = canvas, 5 = crochet, 6 = boiled wool
Table 4.
Mean values (M) and standard deviation (SD) of ratings for scented textile samples
| Unattractive-Attractive | Cheap-Luxurious | Frequencies of choices | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | M | SD | M | SD | Most attractive | Most unattractive | Most luxurious | Cheapest |
| 1 - Lemon essential oil | 5.6 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 1.4 | 28 | 2 | 20 | 3 |
| 2 - White tobacco e-liquid | 3.5 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 12 |
| 3 - Himalayan cedar | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 10 |
| 4 - Liquid ammonia | 1.9 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 1 | 32 | 2 | 17 |
| 5 - Ether | 4.0 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 10 | 2 | 9 | 7 |
| 6 - Geranium bourbon es.oil | 3.6 | 1.7 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 4 | 1 | 12 | 5 |
Fig. 8.
Six clusters of scent attribute ratings
Note. Attr = ratings for the attractive-unattractive semantic differential. Lux = ratings for the luxurious-cheap semantic differential. 1 = lemon essential oil. 2 = white tobacco e-liquid. 3 = Himalayan cedar. 4 = liquid ammonia. 5 = ether. 6 = geranium bourbon essential oil
Table 5.
Mean values (M) and standard deviation (SD) of ratings for audio samples
| Unattractive-Attractive | Disturbing-Calming | Frequencies of choices | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | M | SD | M | SD | Most attractive | Most unattractive | Most calming | Most disturbing |
| Audio recording 1 - cloqué jacquard | 4.4 | 1.6 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 9 | 1 | 11 | 1 |
| Audio recording 2 – canvas | 4.0 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
| Audio recording 3 – suede leather | 5.3 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 1.5 | 20 | 3 | 18 | 2 |
| Audio recording 4 – crochet | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 18 |
| Audio recording 5 – knitted rib | 4.3 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 14 | 2 | 15 | 3 |
| Audio recording 6 – boiled wool | 2.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 29 |
Fig. 9.
Two clusters of sound attribute ratings
Note. Attr = ratings for the attractive-unattractive semantic differential. Calm = ratings for the calming-disturbing semantic differential. 1 = cloqué jacquard, 2 = knitted rib, 3 = suede leather, 4 = canvas, 5 = crochet, 6 = boiled wool