Fig. 1.
Flame spread test of all the samples
| Properties | Requirement as per EN 469 | Test results |
|---|---|---|
| Flame spread resistance | No specimen shall give flaming to the top or either side edge. | Nil |
| No specimen shall give hole formation in any layer | Nil | |
| No specimen shall give flaming or molten debris | Nil | |
| The mean value the after flame time shall be ≤ 2 sec. | Nil | |
| The mean value of the afterglow time shall be ≤ 2 sec. | Nil |
Radiative heat resistance and convective heat resistance of yarn by yarn (Y/Y) construction
| Sample Code | Mean Heat Resistance Index (Radiative resistance) | Mean Heat Transmission Index (Convective resistance) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RHTI24 | RHTI24 – RHTI12 | HTI24 | HTI24 – HTI12 | |
| Combination-1 | ||||
| TW 1 Y/Y | 11.4 | 6.5 | 9.6 | 6.4 |
| TW 3 Y/Y | 9.3 | 5.2 | 8.5 | 6.0 |
| TW 5 Y/Y | 10.7 | 5.1 | 8.3 | 5.7 |
| Combination-2 | ||||
| TW 1 Y/R | 14.1 | 7.8 | 14.4 | 8.7 |
| TW 3 Y/R | 12.3 | 6.7 | 12.9 | 8.2 |
| TW 5 Y/R | 12.4 | 6.9 | 13 | 8.2 |
| Combination-3 | ||||
| TW 1 R/R | 19.9 | 9.4 | 17.8 | 8.4 |
| TW 3 R/R | 18.0 | 8.5 | 17.7 | 9.5 |
| TW 5 R/R | 18.2 | 8.0 | 15.3 | 8.4 |
| Nonwoven 330 gsm construction | ||||
| NW3301 | 13.7 | 6.2 | 14.4 | 4.6 |
| NW3302 | 15.3 | 4.4 | 11.7 | 4.3 |
| NW3303 | 14.6 | 5.0 | 12.5 | 4.5 |
| Nonwoven 665 gsm construction | ||||
| NW6654 | 23.7 | 10.2 | 25.9 | 9.3 |
| NW6655 | 30.0 | 9.2 | 26.3 | 10 |
| NW6656 | 27.2 | 9.5 | 26.0 | 9.9 |
Physical properties of fibres
| Fibre properties | FR viscose | p-aramid |
|---|---|---|
| Length, mm | 51.00 | 53.00 |
| Tenacity, g/tex | 24.21 | 112.41 |
| Elongation, % | 13.78 | 26.48 |
| Density, g/cc | 1.98 | 1.67 |
| Moisture regain, % | 7.11 | 5.00 |
Mechanical properties of non-woven fabrics
| S. No. | Sample code | Areal density, g/m2 | Thickness, mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-woven fabric with 330 gsm | |||
| 1 | NW3301 | 327 | 2.36 |
| 2 | NW3302 | 334 | 2.29 |
| 3 | NW3303 | 329 | 2.32 |
| Non-woven fabric with 665 gsm | |||
| 1 | NW6654 | 661 | 4.95 |
| 2 | NW6655 | 664 | 4.94 |
| 3 | NW6656 | 662 | 4.92 |
Coding of fibre combinations and various fabric samples
| S.No | Sample Name | Fibre code | Fabric code |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fabric Structure: Yarn/Yarn | |||
| 1 | 100 % p-aramid | TW 1 | TW 1 Y/Y |
| 2 | 100 % FR viscose | TW 3 | TW 3 Y/Y |
| 3 | 50 % p-aramid + 50 % FR viscose | TW 5 | TW 5 Y/Y |
| Fabric Structure: Yarn/Roving | |||
| 1 | 100 % p-aramid | TW 1 | TW 1 Y/R |
| 2 | 100 % FR viscose | TW 3 | TW 3 Y/R |
| 3 | 50% p-aramid + 50 % FR viscose | TW 5 | TW 5 Y/R |
| Fabric Structure: Roving/Roving | |||
| 1 | 100 % p-aramid | TW 1 | TW 1 R/R |
| 2 | 100 % FR viscose | TW 3 | TW 3 R/R |
| 3 | 50 % p-aramid + 50 % FR viscose | TW 5 | TW 5 R/R |
| Fabric Structure: Non-Woven 330 gsm | |||
| 1 | 100 % p-aramid | TW 1 | NW3301 |
| 2 | 100 % FR viscose | TW 3 | NW3302 |
| 3 | 50% p-aramid + 50% FR viscose | TW 5 | NW3303 |
| Fabric Structure: Non-Woven 665 gsm | |||
| 1 | 100 % p-aramid | TW 1 | NW6654 |
| 2 | 100 % FR viscose | TW 3 | NW6655 |
| 3 | 50 % p-aramid + 50 % FR viscose | TW 5 | NW6656 |
Mechanical properties of woven fabrics made out of Combination-1, Combination-2 and Combination-3
| Sample Code | Areal Density, g/m2 | Thickness, mm | Tensile Strength, N | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serial number | Warp wise | Weft wise | |||
| Combination-1 | |||||
| 1 | TW 1 Y/Y | 180 | 1.35 | 2100 | 900 |
| 2 | TW 3 Y/Y | 180 | 1.48 | 1204 | 405 |
| 3 | TW 5 Y/Y | 180 | 1.38 | 1650 | 630 |
| Combination-2 | |||||
| 1 | TW 1 Y/R | 447 | 1.69 | 1336 | 1166 |
| 2 | TW 3 Y/R | 447 | 1.85 | 2126 | 844 |
| 3 | TW 5 Y/R | 447 | 1.68 | 2081 | 1032 |
| Combination-3 | |||||
| 1 | TW 1 R/R | 721 | 2.25 | 1300 | 2500 |
| 2 | TW 3 R/R | 721 | 2.34 | 1713 | 1931 |
| 3 | TW 5 R/R | 721 | 2.11 | 1562 | 3480 |