Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Methods of cotton fabric pretreatment in different regions of the world
| Pretreatment Material | Method Origin | Pretreatment Process |
|---|---|---|
| Chebule | Japan | |
| Chebule & milk | Indian | |
| Milk | Turkey | |
| Gallnut | Europe |
Recipes of pre-treatment procedure of cotton fabrics
| Pretreatment Material | Recipes and procedure of pre-treatment | |
|---|---|---|
| Chebule | 5 pieces of cotton fabric (2g/piece) | Chebule: 250g; distilled water: 2.5L |
| Chebule & milk | Chebule: 125g; milk: 125g; distilled water: 2.5L | |
| Milk | Milk: 250g; distilled water: 2.5L | |
| Gallnut | Gallnut: 250g; distilled water: 2.5L | |
Recipes of dyeing procedure of fabrics
| Recipes of Dyeing Process | Type of Method | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese (I) | Chinese (II) | European | Turkish | Japanese | |
| Recipe of Madder | Madder (owf)=400% | ||||
| Recipe of Mordant | Alums (owf) = 15% | Alums (owf) = 20% Potassium acid Tartrate (owf) = 6% | Club moss (owf) = 100% | Burnt alum (owf) = 15% | |
| Implementation of Dyeing | Refer to Figure 1 | Refer to Figure 2 | Refer to Figure 3 | Refer to Figure 4 | Refer to Figure 5 |
| owf: on weight of fabrics | |||||
Comparison of the dyeing effect between cotton fabric and pre-treated cotton fabric The color shown from left to right: cotton fabric, cotton fabric pre-treated with chebule, cotton fabric pre-treated with chebule & milk, cotton fabric pre-treated with milk, cotton fabric pre-treated with gallnut_
| Type of dyeinq method | Color effects of cotton fabrics |
|---|---|
| Chinese(I) | |
| Chinese(II) | |
| European | |
| Turkish | |
| Japanese |