Table 1.
Pretreatment recipe for cotton, viscose, and linen
| Sample ID | Sample description | Pretreatment chemicals and parameters | Pretreatment bath auxiliaries |
|---|---|---|---|
| CCP | Cotton conventionally pretreated sample | Caustic soda:1.5 g/L H2O2: 2 g/L H2O2 stabilizer: 0.25 g/L pH: 11 Time: 60 min Temp: 98 °C | Wetting Agent: 1 g/L Sequestering agent: 1 g/L Anti creasing agent: 0.8 g/L |
| VCP | Viscose conventionally pretreated sample | Soda ash light: 1.5 g/L pH: 10.5 Time: 20 min Temp: 90 °C | |
| LCP | Linen conventionally pretreated sample | ||
| CEP | Cotton experimentally pretreated sample | Viscobleach: 2 g/L pH: 9.5 Time: 60 min Temp: 80 °C | |
| VEP | Viscose experimentally pretreated sample | ||
| LEP | Linen experimentally pretreated sample |
Table 2.
Dyeing recipe for cotton, viscose, and linen
| Pretreated dyeing sample ID | Sample description | Conc. of dye | Dyeing bath chemicals | Dyeing bath auxiliaries and parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCPL | Cotton conventionally pretreated cotton dyeing sample for light shade | 0.5 % | Salt: 30 g/L Soda: 15 g/L | Wetting agent: 1 g/L Sequestering agent: 1 g/L Levelling agent: 3 g/L Anti-creasing agent: 0.8 g/L Temperature: 60 °C Time: 60 min pH: 10-11 |
| CEPL | Cotton experimentally pretreated cotton dyeing sample for light shade | |||
| VCPL | Viscose conventionally pretreated dyeing sample for light Shade | |||
| VEPL | Viscose experimentally pretreated dyeing sample for light shade | |||
| LCPL | Linen conventionally pretreated dyeing sample for light shade | |||
| LEPL | Linen experimentally pretreated linen dyeing sample for light shade | |||
| CCPM | Cotton conventionally pretreated dyeing sample for medium shade | 1.5 % | Salt: 35 g/L Soda: 15 g/L | |
| CEPM | Cotton experimentally pretreated cotton Dyeing sample for medium shade | |||
| VCPM | Viscose conventionally pretreated dyeing sample for medium shade | |||
| VEPM | Viscose experimentally pretreated dyeing sample for medium shade | |||
| LCPM | Linen conventionally pretreated dyeing sample for medium shade | |||
| LEPM | Linen experimentally pretreated dyeing sample for medium shade | |||
| CCPD | Cotton conventionally pretreated dyeing sample for dark shade | 3 % | Salt: 50 g/L Soda: 20 g/L | |
| CEPD | Cotton experimentally pretreated dyeing sample for dark shade | |||
| VCPD | Viscose conventionally pretreated dyeing sample for dark shade | |||
| VEPD | Viscose experimentally pretreated dyeing sample for dark shade | |||
| LCPD | Conventionally pretreated linen dyeing sample for dark shade | |||
| LEPD | Linen experimentally pretreated dyeing sample for dark shade |
Fig. 1.
Whiteness index of pretreated samples
Fig. 2.
Results of the drop test sample
Table 3.
Absorbency test results of pretreated samples
| Sample ID | Time | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| CCP | 1 sec | Good |
| CEP | 5 sec | Uneven shape (Not good) |
| VCP | 1 sec | Good |
| VEP | 1 sec | Good |
| lcp | 3 sec | Good |
| lep | 3 sec | Good |
Fig. 3.
K/S value for the samples
Table 4.
Result of rubbing fastness of dyed samples
| Sample ID | Rubbing fastness | |
|---|---|---|
| Dry | Wet | |
| CCPL | 4/5 | 4 |
| CEPL | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| CCPM | 4/5 | 4 |
| CEPM | 4/5 | 3/4 |
| CCPD | 4/5 | 3 |
| CEPD | 4/5 | 4 |
| VCPL | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VEPL | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VCPM | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VEPM | 4/5 | 4 |
| VCPD | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VEPD | 4/5 | 4 |
| LCPL | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| LEPL | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| LCPM | 4/5 | 4 |
| LEPM | 4/5 | 4 |
| LCPD | 4/5 | 4 |
| LEPD | 4/5 | 4 |
Table 5.
Results of wash fastness of dyed samples
| Sample ID | Staining on multifibre fabric | Shade change of tested sample | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetate | Cotton | Nylon | PET | Acrylic | Wool | ||
| CCPL | 4/5 | 4 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| CEPL | 4/5 | 4 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| CCPM | 4/5 | 4 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| CEPM | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| CCPD | 4/5 | 3/4 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| CEPD | 4/5 | 4 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VCPL | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VEPL | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VCPM | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VEPM | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VCPD | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| VEPD | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| LCPL | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| LEPL | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| LCPM | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| LEPM | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
| LCPD | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | |
| LEPD | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 | 4/5 |
Fig. 4.
Color fastness to washing (staining- left and fading -right)