Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.
![Principle of bending stiffness testing according to the method of a hanging pear loop [21]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db8a215d2f6c89db32d5/j_ftee-2023-0026_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKLACURJPQ%2F20260220%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260220T052708Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIC2MP3CUMB0E7pCy2drvQhvbO4S%2Fi0ISuvQRa7g6PL7oAiEA3zjebGZBwyFr7eeKbfzLpFASP81JpPUY%2FSvseKJaVZIqxgUIjv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDJH%2BpGFDU7yH4gA7GCqaBWqcm0q6xQoCaAO3lmWLZx0yqvLuQlHtWpAPMYaDhez0XDRF58bxcGFE0tPZ6y5EjYput0QgO%2BJs9n0VQx907DMMZNrUJmWQ36%2BUhnlAUjz9xoAUgmu4jRk7Py7mGdMSHnFci9Da89pzdLEkDDrn1n5DvPBp7d1a3E2HPXDy5ocb7u41ajWq6jRFPpws0j5QfKPD%2Fg1qFflXroW7eq2itSygCNtJI0NkFeaBxIxBLoGze7YY9rfHVj2sVcNX573UVEbotFpr%2FuQSNCt%2BZjOi%2B6bteuSAuncmdKjUVNSukzgwAByrtXB9mDQ0ZPf5S26J18axe2kvgzHdDJKHRhqGCZFOCvB64do6MgszmRI1ym07WAveSwbR0R0YILRtJFuopWeKCHHgH7HhRlVOVmOO4XhRvxonSHWYAZXRtM2ARW%2FhZmfqigZrbr9%2FJ8BOVAKyt5KO03VH4yGKvCXBuRUhQ4xYL6N8L7KbpTd2%2BSsJvqOU6YNrIW59nJLUg2jz5Fzo9Fdk3V8XYdCMhX6iau%2BchDVijgpbPvkMtb6DtFL4hinHbtaV5Pyz0koK9TtxQWVJpyGv8mtG9%2BkE7i6TRwq1HtL9MqmsZn9eJ59rjZ9wnV%2FLQp9V93IdntSZR6qCSIRcfFOUwnHQPu8vRXjQDF0TmILhTHtRCXvJj6Nj5U2A3%2BeCD7lICWn1WHF%2BAwPxr7gebgaAxbyz3Uvpt8auDSOhb9lphd8Org1K3nuadhWJnRPm3%2Fa3cu3hPf2offNZMd1NGywZxgE6jaW%2B1nsqd0IwpzV6kiHictmCLprAJGTl2Zl1tzfR2yl62a8uU5uqM%2Fvxp%2Fi1MCq13Z32RIkI0r46KNnU8mvl0UGKB0oYVsIYWpXDHJu6OwzOilKpojCC19%2FMBjqxAaZVCxlixycq0GTqMOiifq0w7eA3iBU4MmlzowiM2ZCd6PGs97u62rjwTX6wdVjOpONgrfQt79tuTCEAhimUV5PP35pQAdwxumEQDVU5COT5UEeutqwwcchGQkllqdudmdTCDpMI5gJAu5V4za1eCS%2Fnb7QWk77pxs7aiJF3BkdadbJ20LqvdBdcH155JZ6O0IHlxh%2FJKhaqCla2HRdLxAqwHdZqKjJFtv634fIBmIXxtQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=7652f31af2fb54bc473cd5e32034fc11583aed8fbbb2d531f1efe91cf444a079&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Characteristics of the knitted fabrics investigated
| Sample Code | Fiber Composition (%) | Yarn Linear Density (tex) | Wale Density (cm−1) | Course Density (cm−1) | Loop Density (cm−2) | Fabric Thickness (mm) | Fabric Area Density (g/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1×1 rib fabrics (MR) | |||||||
| MR1 | 90 % CO, 10 % PETA | 28.1×3 | 15.0±0.5 | 10.6±0.6 | 159.0 | 1.95±0.04 | 597.73±0.09 |
| MR1(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.82±0.02 | 611.50±0.06 | ||
| MR1(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.80±0.02 | 603.60±0.05 | ||
| MR2 | 80 % CO, 20 % PETA | 28.1×3 | 15.0±0.5 | 11.0±0.0 | 165.0 | 1.95±0.05 | 577.60±0.10 |
| MR2(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.78±0.02 | 607.10±0.06 | ||
| MR2(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.80±0.01 | 608.10±0.06 | ||
| MR3 | 70 % CO, 30 % PETA | 18.5×4 | 14.6±0.5 | 10.6±0.6 | 154.8 | 1.90±0.03 | 565.73±0.05 |
| MR3(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.84±0.01 | 528.70±0.05 | ||
| MR3(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.87±0.02 | 616.40±0.09 | ||
| MR4 | 65 % CO, 35 % PETA | 14.8×3 | 15.8±0.5 | 11.6±0.6 | 183.3 | 1.89±0.02 | 511.07±0.12 |
| MR4(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.71±0.01 | 524.90±0.07 | ||
| MR4(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.81±0.02 | 509.60±0.08 | ||
| Half-Milano rib fabrics (MM) | |||||||
| MM1 | 90 % CO, 10 %PETA | 28.1×3 | 14.0±0.5 | 13.8±0.5 | 193.2 | 1.96±0.04 | 587.33±0.09 |
| MM1(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.80±0.02 | 642.40±0.08 | ||
| MM1(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.83±0.01 | 641.20±0.05 | ||
| MM2 | 80 % CO, 20 %PETA | 28.1×3 | 14.2±0.5 | 13.8±0.5 | 196.0 | 1.95±0.05 | 588.40±0.09 |
| MM2(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.77±0.01 | 659.30±0.05 | ||
| MM2(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.79±0.02 | 658.30±0.05 | ||
| MM3 | 70 % CO, 30 % PETA | 18.5×4 | 13.0±0.5 | 13.8±0.5 | 179.4 | 1.91±0.04 | 544.67±0.05 |
| MM3(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.86±0.01 | 577.60±0.04 | ||
| MM3(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.94±0.02 | 667.60±0.06 | ||
| MM4 | 65 % CO, 35 % PETA | 14.8×3 | 14.0±0.5 | 12.2±0.5 | 170.8 | 1.91±0.03 | 498.13±0.07 |
| MM4(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 16.0±0.0 | 256.0 | 1.83±0.01 | 539.30±0.06 | ||
| MM4(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 16.0±0.0 | 256.0 | 1.82±0.02 | 506.70±0.04 | ||