Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.
![Principle of bending stiffness testing according to the method of a hanging pear loop [21]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db8a215d2f6c89db32d5/j_ftee-2023-0026_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKGBLRLQAM%2F20260220%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260220T061927Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIAIcLOvaISTlln4%2FlXzNjfn8tvnfZC1KbbC4dQwTpYrmAiAKAxDSG09sgH7Wf3tvjRg6sZBSvbRAk2Z6V2QO%2FJO54SrEBQiO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMNOcpYj1T24cf7U%2B7KpgFM%2Bpu5%2B38bTz0YyZHN0PUGxV7Cirj6M1Ddx39zappfjf5p0WU6Rav%2Bjfccd3nduogbJX%2FT%2BnfB8hrfEziI4YUgF6gb0YB%2Fwc0qlA7GSss4Nir0VVD2RCQabEEDapxWXhCjMS1jc%2FL2%2B9tJh1fPYMWGIV77jTKP%2FHOobHTiMvPcpLYZupInQj9sHblOm1dJqpgJyJMGW2x4UkBrCeyiVWEx8d9xyrCOJqr5QskVD0iB0dXdXktv8iuU5RC6BhilYOi9DkcN9OzOOaanJhNAtgVMldnNO%2BsK%2Fn3zqqXcDdN1cv9M7wvMFPeQz0j49DWRjdc%2FaTTNknVcmCp6FtIPHON4Anw47n7bJwH6Fnv%2FiYS7IWks8n8YXLCGt7Kw32D4UrTzyQHTs%2B33UnujQeW59thhoGNRPZUHX1bseEhMUAnE9w%2FhC0g5xDM9g%2B%2BD1IXCuAVnUCNJTmOK%2F6MhbQi10vCyoB85%2BpG8QvPcYcbaKVzNPa9RedaQ49WQCIZhnuQxuI88hocP4kBH%2F9n6CsQG92BfYzMcdWhR931b5xx04%2BLTT56zq7q2F0z2%2FjpgS5hFvxNgWtVQ5EuGkE%2BKurQPioyiQSgdzxUqZL5fxvM3Z8iOI3sNrT5vep9SYBEebj34WEtNb1AcFhXpTWz8VODjTN0Z4iqVW0%2BI0fimS%2FjNtP5vm3rko%2FdOn3oXGqEJSQwrOMaHW6iFFb6awRJpch0upkXGU8qs14Siodk%2Fl4ctvE3bZjytrSqAC8hWrbIxnBQOfCKGhz4tMEmwUiVL76IcTZ09Sijr5ON5DLVOFVl97v%2FRjqOpgLgVLP9FdCzwf%2FP8nHYVa%2B1Yd2DMQjqw1FA54ZgrptqGjZinZCt0TXsa%2F7%2B%2FXxC0XnRqUP%2FuTCM0d%2FMBjqyASiYGAp0TH7cPFjU6FHk5arAsAGTUdn4VeaseEgSF%2F2SLeqsUGAKCrnOuK4WrqQY%2F3wmDl7ue3xpP696RyLLksGzZKRZFefiP6tw0zT34VXBmu2TUN%2Fs6H9U2Nfl0J14CwNTpSHVmrJHO0YHzcZe3yWWLzHQ53Nm5bJ7GA57DElFVrkQDZZc9qMwt%2F0i7SgmXiHynQnTAsupXYZxzMtWDI4yI9jVtLGVoi6Yh%2B9CvXKKXBI%3D&X-Amz-Signature=2de6cd7c07ee9a108ef4ac7f45a1e3408b9032b42ab3aab388370db0ed6a4976&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Characteristics of the knitted fabrics investigated
| Sample Code | Fiber Composition (%) | Yarn Linear Density (tex) | Wale Density (cm−1) | Course Density (cm−1) | Loop Density (cm−2) | Fabric Thickness (mm) | Fabric Area Density (g/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1×1 rib fabrics (MR) | |||||||
| MR1 | 90 % CO, 10 % PETA | 28.1×3 | 15.0±0.5 | 10.6±0.6 | 159.0 | 1.95±0.04 | 597.73±0.09 |
| MR1(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.82±0.02 | 611.50±0.06 | ||
| MR1(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.80±0.02 | 603.60±0.05 | ||
| MR2 | 80 % CO, 20 % PETA | 28.1×3 | 15.0±0.5 | 11.0±0.0 | 165.0 | 1.95±0.05 | 577.60±0.10 |
| MR2(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.78±0.02 | 607.10±0.06 | ||
| MR2(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.80±0.01 | 608.10±0.06 | ||
| MR3 | 70 % CO, 30 % PETA | 18.5×4 | 14.6±0.5 | 10.6±0.6 | 154.8 | 1.90±0.03 | 565.73±0.05 |
| MR3(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.84±0.01 | 528.70±0.05 | ||
| MR3(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.87±0.02 | 616.40±0.09 | ||
| MR4 | 65 % CO, 35 % PETA | 14.8×3 | 15.8±0.5 | 11.6±0.6 | 183.3 | 1.89±0.02 | 511.07±0.12 |
| MR4(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.71±0.01 | 524.90±0.07 | ||
| MR4(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 12.0±0.0 | 192.0 | 1.81±0.02 | 509.60±0.08 | ||
| Half-Milano rib fabrics (MM) | |||||||
| MM1 | 90 % CO, 10 %PETA | 28.1×3 | 14.0±0.5 | 13.8±0.5 | 193.2 | 1.96±0.04 | 587.33±0.09 |
| MM1(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.80±0.02 | 642.40±0.08 | ||
| MM1(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.83±0.01 | 641.20±0.05 | ||
| MM2 | 80 % CO, 20 %PETA | 28.1×3 | 14.2±0.5 | 13.8±0.5 | 196.0 | 1.95±0.05 | 588.40±0.09 |
| MM2(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.77±0.01 | 659.30±0.05 | ||
| MM2(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.79±0.02 | 658.30±0.05 | ||
| MM3 | 70 % CO, 30 % PETA | 18.5×4 | 13.0±0.5 | 13.8±0.5 | 179.4 | 1.91±0.04 | 544.67±0.05 |
| MM3(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.86±0.01 | 577.60±0.04 | ||
| MM3(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 18.0±0.0 | 288.0 | 1.94±0.02 | 667.60±0.06 | ||
| MM4 | 65 % CO, 35 % PETA | 14.8×3 | 14.0±0.5 | 12.2±0.5 | 170.8 | 1.91±0.03 | 498.13±0.07 |
| MM4(S) | 16.0±0.0 | 16.0±0.0 | 256.0 | 1.83±0.01 | 539.30±0.06 | ||
| MM4(S+P) | 16.0±0.0 | 16.0±0.0 | 256.0 | 1.82±0.02 | 506.70±0.04 | ||