Camouflage Assessments with Digital Pattern Painting Based on the Multi-Scale Pattern-in-Picture Evaluation Model

Sample number	Sample	CIE 1976 Lab*
Sample number	Sample	L*	a*	b*
1	Black	29.23	0.17	−1.57
2	Gray	46.39	−0.36	−3.68
3	Light white	64.52	0.67	1.65
4	Black green	31.92	−1.94	3.03
5	Dark green	34.97	−4.08	11.19
6	Green	43.89	−13.27	18.41
7	Yellow green	46.16	−3.38	27.62
8	Dark brown	42.08	5.37	15.19
9	Red brown	44.67	14.29	25.70
10	Brown	45.18	9.79	22.83
11	Clay	54.63	17.39	25.67
12	Ocher	55.49	13.54	42.32

Table 2.

Color reproduction accuracy with color checkers

Number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average	Standard deviation
Testing	6.23	17.53	15.18	4.59	7.61	12.79	16.50	12.13	15.01	16.21	15.09	13.31	12.68	4.28
Color checker	1.01	8.95	8.32	3.02	4.78	7.32	8.09	7.36	8.37	6.31	7.21	6.17	6.41	2.38

Table 3.

Ratio of color difference reduction

Number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Max.	Min.	Average
Color checker	83.79	48.94	45.19	34.20	37.19	42.77	50.97	39.32	44.24	61.07	52.22	53.64	83.79	34.20	49.46

*Picture taken by the digital camera at an equivalent observation distance of 10 m*

*Observation effects from different distances*

Table 4.

“Soldier” sizes and their corresponding simulation boxes from different distances

Distance / m	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
Size / pixels	185×556	93×278	62×186	46×139	37×111	31×93	27×80	23×70	21×62	19×56
Box / pixels	130×476	65×238	43×159	33×119	26×95	22×79	19×68	16×60	14×53	13×48

*Simulation effect of group 1 in four images of mottled woodland backgrounds*

Table 5.

Degrees of feature similarities of 15 schemes

Group	Scheme	Characteristic similarity degree					Sorted within groups
Group	Scheme	Background a	Background b	Background c	Background d	Average	Sorted within groups
1	A	0.6003	0.6038	0.7056	0.6045	0.6285	3
	B	0.5983	0.6018	0.7008	0.6021	0.6258	4
	C	0.6108	0.6145	0.7247	0.6155	0.6414	2
	D	0.6273	0.6315	0.7529	0.6324	0.6610	1
	E	0.5928	0.5961	0.6914	0.5966	0.6192	5
2	F	0.5855	0.5886	0.6770	0.5888	0.6100	4
	G	0.5863	0.5894	0.6786	0.5896	0.6110	3
	H	0.6062	0.6099	0.7149	0.6102	0.6353	1
	I	0.5966	0.5999	0.6986	0.6006	0.6239	2
	J	0.5803	0.5833	0.6671	0.5834	0.6035	5
3	K	0.5865	0.5897	0.6788	0.5899	0.6112	5
	L	0.5956	0.5990	0.6957	0.5992	0.6224	3
	M	0.5963	0.5998	0.6970	0.6000	0.6233	2
	N	0.6182	0.6222	0.7363	0.6227	0.6498	1
	O	0.5871	0.5903	0.6799	0.5905	0.6119	4

Table 6.

Degrees of feature similarities of the six optimal schemes

Group	1		2		3
Scheme	C	D	H	I	M	N
Average characteristic similarity degree	0.5183	0.5206	0.5210	0.5183	0.5180	0.5197
Sorted	4	2	1	4	5	3

*Designed pattern painting on background images for effect simulations*

*User interface of a system constructed for the simulation and evaluation of individual digital camouflages*

*Patterns in pictures displayed on the projection screen*

Table 7.

Comparison of results of degrees of feature similarities and simulation evaluations

Group	Scheme	Characteristic similarity degree model		Simulation evaluation
Group	Scheme	Similarity degree	Sorted within groups	Score	Sorted within groups
1	A	0.6285	3	3.3105	4
	B	0.6258	4	3.3318	3
	C	0.6414	2	3.4793	2
	D	0.6610	1	3.5263	1
	E	0.6192	5	3.1132	5
2	F	0.6100	4	3.1433	5
	G	0.6110	3	3.2694	4
	H	0.6353	1	3.5639	1
	I	0.6239	2	3.4241	2
	J	0.6035	5	3.2930	3
3	K	0.6112	5	3.2245	4
	L	0.6224	3	3.2985	3
	M	0.6233	2	3.3419	2
	N	0.6498	1	3.4961	1
	O	0.6119	4	3.1932	5

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2023-0014 | Journal eISSN: 2300-7354 | Journal ISSN: 1230-3666

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Language: English

Page range: 39 - 50

Published on: Jul 4, 2023

Published by: Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

computer-aided,

camouflage assessment,

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Business management,

Business informatics,

Process management,

Industrial chemistry,

Cellulose, paper and textiles,

Polymer science and technology,

Materials sciences,

Biomaterials and natural materials

© 2023 Qi Jia, Weidong Xu, Yang Yi, Jun Liu, Jianghua Hu, Liyan Zhu, Xin Yang, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network-Łódź Institute of Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 31 (2023): Issue 2 (July 2023)

Camouflage Assessments with Digital Pattern Painting Based on the Multi-Scale Pattern-in-Picture Evaluation Model

Figures & Tables

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Fig.10.

Fig.11.

Table 7.

Paradigm

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