Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3
![Diagram of a kernmantle rope loading system for sheath slippage testing [6,7]: F – loading force, V – rope movement speed, 1 –kernmantle rope tested, 2 – movable steel plates, 3 – fixed steel plates](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0053_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKGBLRLQAM%2F20260220%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260220T054450Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIAIcLOvaISTlln4%2FlXzNjfn8tvnfZC1KbbC4dQwTpYrmAiAKAxDSG09sgH7Wf3tvjRg6sZBSvbRAk2Z6V2QO%2FJO54SrEBQiO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMNOcpYj1T24cf7U%2B7KpgFM%2Bpu5%2B38bTz0YyZHN0PUGxV7Cirj6M1Ddx39zappfjf5p0WU6Rav%2Bjfccd3nduogbJX%2FT%2BnfB8hrfEziI4YUgF6gb0YB%2Fwc0qlA7GSss4Nir0VVD2RCQabEEDapxWXhCjMS1jc%2FL2%2B9tJh1fPYMWGIV77jTKP%2FHOobHTiMvPcpLYZupInQj9sHblOm1dJqpgJyJMGW2x4UkBrCeyiVWEx8d9xyrCOJqr5QskVD0iB0dXdXktv8iuU5RC6BhilYOi9DkcN9OzOOaanJhNAtgVMldnNO%2BsK%2Fn3zqqXcDdN1cv9M7wvMFPeQz0j49DWRjdc%2FaTTNknVcmCp6FtIPHON4Anw47n7bJwH6Fnv%2FiYS7IWks8n8YXLCGt7Kw32D4UrTzyQHTs%2B33UnujQeW59thhoGNRPZUHX1bseEhMUAnE9w%2FhC0g5xDM9g%2B%2BD1IXCuAVnUCNJTmOK%2F6MhbQi10vCyoB85%2BpG8QvPcYcbaKVzNPa9RedaQ49WQCIZhnuQxuI88hocP4kBH%2F9n6CsQG92BfYzMcdWhR931b5xx04%2BLTT56zq7q2F0z2%2FjpgS5hFvxNgWtVQ5EuGkE%2BKurQPioyiQSgdzxUqZL5fxvM3Z8iOI3sNrT5vep9SYBEebj34WEtNb1AcFhXpTWz8VODjTN0Z4iqVW0%2BI0fimS%2FjNtP5vm3rko%2FdOn3oXGqEJSQwrOMaHW6iFFb6awRJpch0upkXGU8qs14Siodk%2Fl4ctvE3bZjytrSqAC8hWrbIxnBQOfCKGhz4tMEmwUiVL76IcTZ09Sijr5ON5DLVOFVl97v%2FRjqOpgLgVLP9FdCzwf%2FP8nHYVa%2B1Yd2DMQjqw1FA54ZgrptqGjZinZCt0TXsa%2F7%2B%2FXxC0XnRqUP%2FuTCM0d%2FMBjqyASiYGAp0TH7cPFjU6FHk5arAsAGTUdn4VeaseEgSF%2F2SLeqsUGAKCrnOuK4WrqQY%2F3wmDl7ue3xpP696RyLLksGzZKRZFefiP6tw0zT34VXBmu2TUN%2Fs6H9U2Nfl0J14CwNTpSHVmrJHO0YHzcZe3yWWLzHQ53Nm5bJ7GA57DElFVrkQDZZc9qMwt%2F0i7SgmXiHynQnTAsupXYZxzMtWDI4yI9jVtLGVoi6Yh%2B9CvXKKXBI%3D&X-Amz-Signature=f70cb7aa62484bebe9fc07b87a50bb2a42f9d7123868876d894906bebfa0caba&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Kernmantle ropes subjected to sheath slippage tests and the results obtained
| Rope symbol | Rope type | Rope diameter d [mm] | Mean sheath slippage SSm [mm] | Standard deviation SD [mm] | Coefficient of variation for SD Wsx [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Titan 11 | 11 | 1.4 | 0.96177 | 68.7 |
| B | Iceline | 8.1 | −0.78 | 0.30332 | 38.9 |
| C | Aqualine | 9.5 | 10.6 | 0.41833 | 3.9 |
| D | Pro-Static | 10 | 1.5 | 0.61237 | 40.8 |
| E | Wall master VI | 10.5 | −1.06 | 0.43932 | 41.4 |
| F | Apollo II | 11 | −0.66 | 0.20736 | 31.4 |
| G | Performance Static | 12 | 7.5 | 1.11803 | 14.9 |
| H | Pes 12-K-24 | 12 | 5.1 | 1.20623 | 23.7 |
| I | Pa-200-12-K 24x2 | 12 | 10.1 | 1.48155 | 14.7 |
| J | Tendon | 11 | −2.66 | 0.4219 | 15.9 |
| K | Baobab Uni Core | 13.5 | 1.34 | 0.37815 | 28.2 |