Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3
![Diagram of a kernmantle rope loading system for sheath slippage testing [6,7]: F – loading force, V – rope movement speed, 1 –kernmantle rope tested, 2 – movable steel plates, 3 – fixed steel plates](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0053_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKGUPTATHV%2F20251217%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251217T211127Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjELz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDxk0oCRH8taLLND9o2jDHOnBQLxddA92nV0lazXfT9CQIhAJ7989B3%2BmoBvo0Al52dk0uWhijRXWhaBvzkwr6K52FLKsUFCIX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgz54fIUniYG1isJquoqmQV5jzRI19LNvIyRp6dlEUdIMwgA9xxPvUe6rwX%2FpYFcT99TyDEFjQwFiIJ%2FbGRrX5itYfFXuvq8ZKLZmKkL%2BRc6fwv0pm12n%2FFD6omkAdl74%2BYdS70Qks9YPk9Esr3phFNcJedN15OiTQ0C0Pbf94dB5L%2Fil9V0mqrp1BvfE7c%2B%2Fn11xGPJUPxYMAvKkQWO%2BX63bGMSuqC8PliF2w6Kea%2BMQOyUVbo2tzFYu579HWla%2BBAlQc0aHrmFlp4xsOL3m9xxvZvHCuH5cnlDOGHnv%2FvdEpmAULhMF1rQ6GgLy7YGW0c1lKPP%2FJq4hoet%2FYwld8jTBfQTMB2wUWJtlPe2g%2FHzuyEpX%2FlxY8n1nefpEUUMdH6hpIla149w7MYiTGBOT8zUduyYlokWT7eSwDieBs9hCsHgQ2Qz5kNHojCvSDfUfQ7%2F98x%2BkN%2BC0utXAm3jJ95Zc3ObzNSXrHJcgBamOFGuI32QGif%2BAYv1lT%2B3RWoHVXxLxr7y1ItrT12RCxZrpGk%2FyYgc2Yiex9a9CyrT31c1Ce6c5XqYgWw2sgdZNr6Mo30T3rdeCtRr8476ttu%2BMBfYlQiV5%2BuZF%2B10tjCh%2FtPF4mozHtOtlQw1FY6mN6pOPy7tUdYGS7P2kjT4bVvqmdwqcWDP5fSp5Oas5fHuwDmYfEFQvKz%2By7uTpVGxxjC8%2FalzfpVz41wTxIFEMFjK62LtxnlU8AAJOEgb%2FEzx9G6ixn0ayxuzKWlKSuF2PEOvFj4KvAqRsX%2FpAGgdARksrIdg%2B9hNFb%2BOe4R8WCUIQRq%2Fz1s7NpY%2BIW0weLPeIRe%2BdrqvONGz9ClMOGdXV4HkyQCIwos0bZqy9d%2Fdwift3efb94%2FqVN8e%2FUXpOr0a8stI4AAdUCD8oHm3LzCOjozKBjqwAZF0Tb7lQ4JWzFhf048JPh%2FUhzDqNHSUoXLemCSJbaWmK6tNFPXUV8tQY3BB43lxTo%2FTkxLn99gEwrCJXiDKd7g%2BO4dyyVnxyGAMgUi8TM81nolO5h8%2Bxyyv%2B3eH7eHqacgfqDiRG1QkWAgnxEddw9R8GsOKPTNs3elFlUTt87FCaWbeq6QP%2BG%2FAoh3Q9quwXC1tsvhmhfWpmFbBv0K8Vr05E%2Bx1yynaE98JXzNrbLOL&X-Amz-Signature=c61a9f7834f7747c3fcf639658c50e0b8cc3d03e491bdd9690e2df498455da5d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Kernmantle ropes subjected to sheath slippage tests and the results obtained
| Rope symbol | Rope type | Rope diameter d [mm] | Mean sheath slippage SSm [mm] | Standard deviation SD [mm] | Coefficient of variation for SD Wsx [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Titan 11 | 11 | 1.4 | 0.96177 | 68.7 |
| B | Iceline | 8.1 | −0.78 | 0.30332 | 38.9 |
| C | Aqualine | 9.5 | 10.6 | 0.41833 | 3.9 |
| D | Pro-Static | 10 | 1.5 | 0.61237 | 40.8 |
| E | Wall master VI | 10.5 | −1.06 | 0.43932 | 41.4 |
| F | Apollo II | 11 | −0.66 | 0.20736 | 31.4 |
| G | Performance Static | 12 | 7.5 | 1.11803 | 14.9 |
| H | Pes 12-K-24 | 12 | 5.1 | 1.20623 | 23.7 |
| I | Pa-200-12-K 24x2 | 12 | 10.1 | 1.48155 | 14.7 |
| J | Tendon | 11 | −2.66 | 0.4219 | 15.9 |
| K | Baobab Uni Core | 13.5 | 1.34 | 0.37815 | 28.2 |