Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
![Knotting control schematic diagram based on PLC [21]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0048_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKIT6WAB66%2F20251218%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251218T075404Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDrGow3vTfsELIxWITgtvGoyEqI4sh0qjqRlBdWMJmoQQIhAMRqsWUdzLoFJXTxfAvE0nE1d9Dklf4w%2Fqx2WEaQuTLwKsUFCJD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgyErkCe1jWJWMNZ6HoqmQVB4E2ntcgOUMse3sJhr6kF2BUkF23A3GxKHwNFxf5tIMl1lwVXlqpP4KfRskcqk3aRxVQbhHcu24pMqw3SVGQk83ayUCLTD49lPYcsgHWcTD93EJy%2FCudXLp06pckg66eGyadWh0Wy8CNWDfiCbOKkTR0WlJUWFwJaG7UHAPN0Fs2ARoolgayuZ6zqjlROh9uO7RE%2F7NP47V9Gaexa%2Fzb7khFYlR%2BIi1RxnYrUrs5YrJ7hOURfnX5nSVyEnFE5x7mRJztaBO%2FQh7Z9uYWcKg7r45WzHexrT9XZIKaa%2B%2FERDjaa5mGMvFYh5iHyQf2u2g%2Be1OPBblZwQ9wHg9abV%2Fc2rmEauLso7rP5pWJBwFyRctnn6GMK7ZzYFGvVRHVFAKPq%2BdDYTyAM9ifKmPF8ssb4%2FZwB22FgsEDFPUmZ5ZtX2WnqTxy1AD6dcMJLH%2BYN437w8QyfHM9ol3Fg51EwatAAKFrt6N1xfpxUYZc003CIilwhFqnSfxl12FHMtuAtRStIYUdzOtjChmoetTQDM0KYK%2BMv0BBX%2FtJndwXrEFOqkG9xFachtUPHtXwgAUuqLeHC5F9eUGmS4vX1A0%2BPCknC8qBf3j6oF3y9UA8VVkdqSJON2NO7w8YPtO40EuIxmE2s4MB7mm37yzvIhSjNGDnNEenkr%2FgViKJzj0z%2F6WaCxLjJEfo3ZcngNSfuIiKGEWpAl5m4Y86ZnSW4FeTDFT5fUcK65Rg6b%2FEBC1LXfxrv8w%2BhaTDMk4OH0kqgeyF373gYKsf86o4bXzPkL5ISv6mJUbtmTqU6TuUsvK9NiOmphIQu626b7w0owIZ7U5W5QGeYZRuxl5NhIR%2F5FcrgmYO%2BjHfHQwCa%2BR1XZNqAbOodPTTbrqb3ykQJgjDMvI7KBjqwAUZ52UTWptlGdbHi2OFznJYAtMadhghYDumn0fXfFDu14KzzP8i7uRRfk9%2F4qt2PPC8y3uu9BKsYFf7SMd%2BKUjehMduisY0E%2FqzNMdD5wLNGtqcBlJ8uM7%2BJJuMxY%2BU3LoWu5%2F1WTrz%2FIYSIYqj%2Fc39y0LXi3TbP1OrRFJRL0KHN9VkyF6%2Fy73akfnzf4d%2BeT6DQ9A4EeQCQLaCDppxaFl2mKfLPq7M7HuIkm7tkF0Pb&X-Amz-Signature=2a9a0a6da976a160b79a5217e73123660ed509528f07b1f2c07f9228b62b8806&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
![Force diagram of catenary points at various heights [22]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0048_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKIT6WAB66%2F20251218%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251218T075404Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDrGow3vTfsELIxWITgtvGoyEqI4sh0qjqRlBdWMJmoQQIhAMRqsWUdzLoFJXTxfAvE0nE1d9Dklf4w%2Fqx2WEaQuTLwKsUFCJD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgyErkCe1jWJWMNZ6HoqmQVB4E2ntcgOUMse3sJhr6kF2BUkF23A3GxKHwNFxf5tIMl1lwVXlqpP4KfRskcqk3aRxVQbhHcu24pMqw3SVGQk83ayUCLTD49lPYcsgHWcTD93EJy%2FCudXLp06pckg66eGyadWh0Wy8CNWDfiCbOKkTR0WlJUWFwJaG7UHAPN0Fs2ARoolgayuZ6zqjlROh9uO7RE%2F7NP47V9Gaexa%2Fzb7khFYlR%2BIi1RxnYrUrs5YrJ7hOURfnX5nSVyEnFE5x7mRJztaBO%2FQh7Z9uYWcKg7r45WzHexrT9XZIKaa%2B%2FERDjaa5mGMvFYh5iHyQf2u2g%2Be1OPBblZwQ9wHg9abV%2Fc2rmEauLso7rP5pWJBwFyRctnn6GMK7ZzYFGvVRHVFAKPq%2BdDYTyAM9ifKmPF8ssb4%2FZwB22FgsEDFPUmZ5ZtX2WnqTxy1AD6dcMJLH%2BYN437w8QyfHM9ol3Fg51EwatAAKFrt6N1xfpxUYZc003CIilwhFqnSfxl12FHMtuAtRStIYUdzOtjChmoetTQDM0KYK%2BMv0BBX%2FtJndwXrEFOqkG9xFachtUPHtXwgAUuqLeHC5F9eUGmS4vX1A0%2BPCknC8qBf3j6oF3y9UA8VVkdqSJON2NO7w8YPtO40EuIxmE2s4MB7mm37yzvIhSjNGDnNEenkr%2FgViKJzj0z%2F6WaCxLjJEfo3ZcngNSfuIiKGEWpAl5m4Y86ZnSW4FeTDFT5fUcK65Rg6b%2FEBC1LXfxrv8w%2BhaTDMk4OH0kqgeyF373gYKsf86o4bXzPkL5ISv6mJUbtmTqU6TuUsvK9NiOmphIQu626b7w0owIZ7U5W5QGeYZRuxl5NhIR%2F5FcrgmYO%2BjHfHQwCa%2BR1XZNqAbOodPTTbrqb3ykQJgjDMvI7KBjqwAUZ52UTWptlGdbHi2OFznJYAtMadhghYDumn0fXfFDu14KzzP8i7uRRfk9%2F4qt2PPC8y3uu9BKsYFf7SMd%2BKUjehMduisY0E%2FqzNMdD5wLNGtqcBlJ8uM7%2BJJuMxY%2BU3LoWu5%2F1WTrz%2FIYSIYqj%2Fc39y0LXi3TbP1OrRFJRL0KHN9VkyF6%2Fy73akfnzf4d%2BeT6DQ9A4EeQCQLaCDppxaFl2mKfLPq7M7HuIkm7tkF0Pb&X-Amz-Signature=342912972085ac76fd86f8f8ff22d6271091ecf55f82be8bd8444799564b9aec&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 9
Test parameters
| POY | FDY | factor | Level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| A | D | Tightening pulse (Piece) | 22000 | 22300 | 22600 | 22900 |
| B | E | Tightening speed/(r/s) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| C | F | Ring size/mm | 45mm | 48mm | 51mm | 54mm |
test results and analysis
| No. | A | B | C | Number of knots (piece) | D | E | F | Number of knots (piece) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| 7 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| 8 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 10 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 12 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| 13 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| 14 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 15 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 16 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 |