Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
![Knotting control schematic diagram based on PLC [21]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0048_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKO4P3VGOL%2F20260220%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260220T142350Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMr%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDKJBg4gB2NKbhHsqNUttBe0lMoXOnyvnEAEpKoIJz6NAIhAIHNN%2Bo915y%2B7D3vLDsD%2FJfMXrbgiYV7oV0FVKDbKtClKsYFCJP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgzAa%2B28PKAS00pqT9kqmgUU%2FdwHX7u%2FHrCRg7KS1w9scu0KM4xANCzPeogI1oCKI4lE3g%2BfuRkOewjgV1eFfJJGh23m%2B7foHVe7DU7ZOotNJkeKgM54uwzUkXhfQpf9Dv%2FaqRa41bsBLJ11huEq%2BVg4QlDBmTJpok%2B4oc4%2F0CkAKBEcazeTiauLdK7IdeSNtE%2FmizNWqItEgX7Rm9TikOQ%2Fp4zNNQm%2By%2FIuG6oG8Qu9lw1hzeP1wZAAGIandEBRrKm7PtwWpUHKkfq%2BxVOqt1DjKTLv6gop8lunT%2FVzSAdHrT5YtHXRjjfM1ih0RGQVXkfqxLwj7U6UN7YNxcvOxHE74oLeVg7oOLA%2F2%2FHeV4OErpQZSWS6RDO65N1e2zJX1HdihC1rGadvy5lVCIYG83juwXlcT6j36XP6XeLy1y0KN5xhgOPcdgdAfmDbMWGqshMjUIG8Tw%2BiuxPy2ebFUkQmXf2KCyvP77ySZGZHiKzR3i%2FHMFbQQ4iBT1NTTf5lpXG4SD439l02HwAA48tVGsE%2BZoI2%2BC2HGaK2x%2BByZgqVAoXjZOAIF%2F2KoUyz9rNBmnnHzpnIlAsynAdpXBouTD40EZXbmCf25XLebrMX%2FryHuPYM7XATGbl7W47sUeTvQmggVzfZseSvUDR3byniIGIrEKzUCzirVXOJ9ejJoE5UNuc%2FjTJquANTXqTRQyEcr%2FoWe3I%2Fntr6DfFjo9yE73V4bsVr04ZgvcEWLaLFONYsvLFA%2Fzm7EvlMTGsSq7OebgMYtqOYGv7iTZqDfBwP43JCUWX3AMcCWi7sPDvW1Yt0EHdJZ0U%2Bck8ggsVLcBUUOllItbgrZS%2FFGLN1FTVll82NJMrRSsVVl6SPAPKtueGUDMASClSoY0iu6i30rPLjs2X8ob9v8X7lkh0w6eXgzAY6sAHb686Dv0tbuefWTOGgQlCMc6ykkBRV0jR2J23WrJUMaOVtax3WBk6WemsMd8eOIXe5ppu2IFTPzr3eMG%2FufWxK5nTH3MvbTPDbUTVfzEJaeI%2Byrna8VN1OCj%2Fj44X6RJIRqVYSsCq3R7r%2B22IDQttaY8YGlV6LNevKnEMOQQm3bE40l8uZuV9oQnhhg0WUNktoTB3s1uKD2uAUslIh94bStdZ7TZN2sieLumKxc8Kv%2FQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=ce8b50b4f5637e9d04eb3602c68a23614350e5dee2c29473aa4f7869ba04e675&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
![Force diagram of catenary points at various heights [22]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0048_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKO4P3VGOL%2F20260220%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260220T142350Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMr%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDKJBg4gB2NKbhHsqNUttBe0lMoXOnyvnEAEpKoIJz6NAIhAIHNN%2Bo915y%2B7D3vLDsD%2FJfMXrbgiYV7oV0FVKDbKtClKsYFCJP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgzAa%2B28PKAS00pqT9kqmgUU%2FdwHX7u%2FHrCRg7KS1w9scu0KM4xANCzPeogI1oCKI4lE3g%2BfuRkOewjgV1eFfJJGh23m%2B7foHVe7DU7ZOotNJkeKgM54uwzUkXhfQpf9Dv%2FaqRa41bsBLJ11huEq%2BVg4QlDBmTJpok%2B4oc4%2F0CkAKBEcazeTiauLdK7IdeSNtE%2FmizNWqItEgX7Rm9TikOQ%2Fp4zNNQm%2By%2FIuG6oG8Qu9lw1hzeP1wZAAGIandEBRrKm7PtwWpUHKkfq%2BxVOqt1DjKTLv6gop8lunT%2FVzSAdHrT5YtHXRjjfM1ih0RGQVXkfqxLwj7U6UN7YNxcvOxHE74oLeVg7oOLA%2F2%2FHeV4OErpQZSWS6RDO65N1e2zJX1HdihC1rGadvy5lVCIYG83juwXlcT6j36XP6XeLy1y0KN5xhgOPcdgdAfmDbMWGqshMjUIG8Tw%2BiuxPy2ebFUkQmXf2KCyvP77ySZGZHiKzR3i%2FHMFbQQ4iBT1NTTf5lpXG4SD439l02HwAA48tVGsE%2BZoI2%2BC2HGaK2x%2BByZgqVAoXjZOAIF%2F2KoUyz9rNBmnnHzpnIlAsynAdpXBouTD40EZXbmCf25XLebrMX%2FryHuPYM7XATGbl7W47sUeTvQmggVzfZseSvUDR3byniIGIrEKzUCzirVXOJ9ejJoE5UNuc%2FjTJquANTXqTRQyEcr%2FoWe3I%2Fntr6DfFjo9yE73V4bsVr04ZgvcEWLaLFONYsvLFA%2Fzm7EvlMTGsSq7OebgMYtqOYGv7iTZqDfBwP43JCUWX3AMcCWi7sPDvW1Yt0EHdJZ0U%2Bck8ggsVLcBUUOllItbgrZS%2FFGLN1FTVll82NJMrRSsVVl6SPAPKtueGUDMASClSoY0iu6i30rPLjs2X8ob9v8X7lkh0w6eXgzAY6sAHb686Dv0tbuefWTOGgQlCMc6ykkBRV0jR2J23WrJUMaOVtax3WBk6WemsMd8eOIXe5ppu2IFTPzr3eMG%2FufWxK5nTH3MvbTPDbUTVfzEJaeI%2Byrna8VN1OCj%2Fj44X6RJIRqVYSsCq3R7r%2B22IDQttaY8YGlV6LNevKnEMOQQm3bE40l8uZuV9oQnhhg0WUNktoTB3s1uKD2uAUslIh94bStdZ7TZN2sieLumKxc8Kv%2FQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=a863f6a8b6665488fd101a9f55048b7089d29d69d8592c3adbd0d166e088936e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 9
Test parameters
| POY | FDY | factor | Level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| A | D | Tightening pulse (Piece) | 22000 | 22300 | 22600 | 22900 |
| B | E | Tightening speed/(r/s) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| C | F | Ring size/mm | 45mm | 48mm | 51mm | 54mm |
test results and analysis
| No. | A | B | C | Number of knots (piece) | D | E | F | Number of knots (piece) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| 7 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| 8 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 10 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 12 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| 13 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| 14 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 15 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 16 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 |