Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
![Knotting control schematic diagram based on PLC [21]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0048_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKGBLRLQAM%2F20260220%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260220T054449Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIAIcLOvaISTlln4%2FlXzNjfn8tvnfZC1KbbC4dQwTpYrmAiAKAxDSG09sgH7Wf3tvjRg6sZBSvbRAk2Z6V2QO%2FJO54SrEBQiO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMNOcpYj1T24cf7U%2B7KpgFM%2Bpu5%2B38bTz0YyZHN0PUGxV7Cirj6M1Ddx39zappfjf5p0WU6Rav%2Bjfccd3nduogbJX%2FT%2BnfB8hrfEziI4YUgF6gb0YB%2Fwc0qlA7GSss4Nir0VVD2RCQabEEDapxWXhCjMS1jc%2FL2%2B9tJh1fPYMWGIV77jTKP%2FHOobHTiMvPcpLYZupInQj9sHblOm1dJqpgJyJMGW2x4UkBrCeyiVWEx8d9xyrCOJqr5QskVD0iB0dXdXktv8iuU5RC6BhilYOi9DkcN9OzOOaanJhNAtgVMldnNO%2BsK%2Fn3zqqXcDdN1cv9M7wvMFPeQz0j49DWRjdc%2FaTTNknVcmCp6FtIPHON4Anw47n7bJwH6Fnv%2FiYS7IWks8n8YXLCGt7Kw32D4UrTzyQHTs%2B33UnujQeW59thhoGNRPZUHX1bseEhMUAnE9w%2FhC0g5xDM9g%2B%2BD1IXCuAVnUCNJTmOK%2F6MhbQi10vCyoB85%2BpG8QvPcYcbaKVzNPa9RedaQ49WQCIZhnuQxuI88hocP4kBH%2F9n6CsQG92BfYzMcdWhR931b5xx04%2BLTT56zq7q2F0z2%2FjpgS5hFvxNgWtVQ5EuGkE%2BKurQPioyiQSgdzxUqZL5fxvM3Z8iOI3sNrT5vep9SYBEebj34WEtNb1AcFhXpTWz8VODjTN0Z4iqVW0%2BI0fimS%2FjNtP5vm3rko%2FdOn3oXGqEJSQwrOMaHW6iFFb6awRJpch0upkXGU8qs14Siodk%2Fl4ctvE3bZjytrSqAC8hWrbIxnBQOfCKGhz4tMEmwUiVL76IcTZ09Sijr5ON5DLVOFVl97v%2FRjqOpgLgVLP9FdCzwf%2FP8nHYVa%2B1Yd2DMQjqw1FA54ZgrptqGjZinZCt0TXsa%2F7%2B%2FXxC0XnRqUP%2FuTCM0d%2FMBjqyASiYGAp0TH7cPFjU6FHk5arAsAGTUdn4VeaseEgSF%2F2SLeqsUGAKCrnOuK4WrqQY%2F3wmDl7ue3xpP696RyLLksGzZKRZFefiP6tw0zT34VXBmu2TUN%2Fs6H9U2Nfl0J14CwNTpSHVmrJHO0YHzcZe3yWWLzHQ53Nm5bJ7GA57DElFVrkQDZZc9qMwt%2F0i7SgmXiHynQnTAsupXYZxzMtWDI4yI9jVtLGVoi6Yh%2B9CvXKKXBI%3D&X-Amz-Signature=09d2624753b3042845cf8ae1d4cc8a704cb8938c89cca7a762bf4c0eadf46813&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
![Force diagram of catenary points at various heights [22]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471db5a215d2f6c89db32a9/j_ftee-2022-0048_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKGBLRLQAM%2F20260220%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260220T054449Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMX%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIAIcLOvaISTlln4%2FlXzNjfn8tvnfZC1KbbC4dQwTpYrmAiAKAxDSG09sgH7Wf3tvjRg6sZBSvbRAk2Z6V2QO%2FJO54SrEBQiO%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMNOcpYj1T24cf7U%2B7KpgFM%2Bpu5%2B38bTz0YyZHN0PUGxV7Cirj6M1Ddx39zappfjf5p0WU6Rav%2Bjfccd3nduogbJX%2FT%2BnfB8hrfEziI4YUgF6gb0YB%2Fwc0qlA7GSss4Nir0VVD2RCQabEEDapxWXhCjMS1jc%2FL2%2B9tJh1fPYMWGIV77jTKP%2FHOobHTiMvPcpLYZupInQj9sHblOm1dJqpgJyJMGW2x4UkBrCeyiVWEx8d9xyrCOJqr5QskVD0iB0dXdXktv8iuU5RC6BhilYOi9DkcN9OzOOaanJhNAtgVMldnNO%2BsK%2Fn3zqqXcDdN1cv9M7wvMFPeQz0j49DWRjdc%2FaTTNknVcmCp6FtIPHON4Anw47n7bJwH6Fnv%2FiYS7IWks8n8YXLCGt7Kw32D4UrTzyQHTs%2B33UnujQeW59thhoGNRPZUHX1bseEhMUAnE9w%2FhC0g5xDM9g%2B%2BD1IXCuAVnUCNJTmOK%2F6MhbQi10vCyoB85%2BpG8QvPcYcbaKVzNPa9RedaQ49WQCIZhnuQxuI88hocP4kBH%2F9n6CsQG92BfYzMcdWhR931b5xx04%2BLTT56zq7q2F0z2%2FjpgS5hFvxNgWtVQ5EuGkE%2BKurQPioyiQSgdzxUqZL5fxvM3Z8iOI3sNrT5vep9SYBEebj34WEtNb1AcFhXpTWz8VODjTN0Z4iqVW0%2BI0fimS%2FjNtP5vm3rko%2FdOn3oXGqEJSQwrOMaHW6iFFb6awRJpch0upkXGU8qs14Siodk%2Fl4ctvE3bZjytrSqAC8hWrbIxnBQOfCKGhz4tMEmwUiVL76IcTZ09Sijr5ON5DLVOFVl97v%2FRjqOpgLgVLP9FdCzwf%2FP8nHYVa%2B1Yd2DMQjqw1FA54ZgrptqGjZinZCt0TXsa%2F7%2B%2FXxC0XnRqUP%2FuTCM0d%2FMBjqyASiYGAp0TH7cPFjU6FHk5arAsAGTUdn4VeaseEgSF%2F2SLeqsUGAKCrnOuK4WrqQY%2F3wmDl7ue3xpP696RyLLksGzZKRZFefiP6tw0zT34VXBmu2TUN%2Fs6H9U2Nfl0J14CwNTpSHVmrJHO0YHzcZe3yWWLzHQ53Nm5bJ7GA57DElFVrkQDZZc9qMwt%2F0i7SgmXiHynQnTAsupXYZxzMtWDI4yI9jVtLGVoi6Yh%2B9CvXKKXBI%3D&X-Amz-Signature=6ecc938379ba6f22ff5d6a23d6b9a532bd510ca4a55c761d1a987d46e67b943e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 9
Test parameters
| POY | FDY | factor | Level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| A | D | Tightening pulse (Piece) | 22000 | 22300 | 22600 | 22900 |
| B | E | Tightening speed/(r/s) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| C | F | Ring size/mm | 45mm | 48mm | 51mm | 54mm |
test results and analysis
| No. | A | B | C | Number of knots (piece) | D | E | F | Number of knots (piece) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| 7 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| 8 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 10 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 12 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| 13 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| 14 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 15 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 16 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 |