Table 1
Factors and levels of weft yarns
| Levels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| X1 | Weft density (picks/m) | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.27 |
| X2 | Weft yarn count (Nm) | 40/1 | 50/1 | ------ |
| X3 | Fiber blend ratio of weft yarn Polyester (PE %) | 0% | 50% | 65% |
| X4 | Fiber blend ratio of weft yarn Cotton (C%) | 100% | 50% | 35% |
Table 2
Experimental model
| Run | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Picks/m | Weft yarn | PE % | C % | |
| count (Nm) | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 9 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 12 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 14 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 15 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| 16 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 17 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 18 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Fig. 1
Neural Network architecture for all mechanical properties
Table 3
ANN Training Algorithm
| -Train network using Levenberg-Maquardt back-propagation | |
| - Activation function: (trainlm). | -Hidden layer size =10 |
| -Performance: Mean squared error (mse) | -Gradient: 1.00e-05 |
Fig. 2
Overall Training Performance of ANN model
Table 4
Comparison between actual and predicted values of properties tested in the warp direction
| Run | Tensile strength (N) | “Stiffness” Bending length * 10−2 (m) | Elongation % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Predicted | Actual | Predicted | Actual | Predicted | |
| 1 | 357.00 | 357.00 | 2.30 | 2.39 | 20.50 | 20.90 |
| 2 | 334.00 | 334.00 | 2.20 | 2.15 | 19.40 | 19.30 |
| 3 | 377.00 | 377.00 | 2.70 | 2.67 | 22.40 | 22.50 |
| 4 | 368.00 | 368.00 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 22.30 | 22.00 |
| 5 | 358.00 | 358.00 | 2.40 | 2.42 | 22.00 | 22.00 |
| 6 | 360.00 | 360.00 | 2.40 | 2.35 | 22.60 | 22.60 |
| 7 | 368.00 | 368.00 | 2.00 | 1.95 | 20.70 | 20.70 |
| 8 | 369.00 | 369.00 | 2.50 | 2.53 | 23.10 | 23.40 |
| 9 | 360.00 | 360.00 | 2.40 | 2.35 | 22.60 | 22.60 |
| 10 | 351.00 | 351.00 | 2.20 | 2.19 | 21.60 | 21.70 |
| 11 | 350.00 | 350.00 | 2.30 | 2.32 | 21.30 | 21.40 |
| 12 | 331.00 | 331.00 | 2.00 | 2.09 | 15.70 | 15.70 |
| 13 | 353.00 | 353.00 | 2.40 | 2.42 | 23.30 | 23.00 |
| 14 | 350.00 | 350.00 | 2.30 | 2.32 | 21.30 | 21.40 |
| 15 | 353.00 | 353.00 | 2.40 | 2.42 | 23.30 | 23.00 |
Table 5
Comparison between actual and predicted values of properties tested in the weft direction
| Run | Tensile strength (N) | “Stiffness”Bending length * 10−2 (m) | Elongation % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual | Predicted | Actual | Predicted | Actual | Predicted | |
| 1 | 258.00 | 258.00 | 2.10 | 2.15 | 17.70 | 17.60 |
| 2 | 234.00 | 234.00 | 2.00 | 1.95 | 13.70 | 13.50 |
| 3 | 321.00 | 321.00 | 2.40 | 2.37 | 21.80 | 21.20 |
| 4 | 307.00 | 307.00 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 21.20 | 21.20 |
| 5 | 251.00 | 251.00 | 2.10 | 2.11 | 13.50 | 13.30 |
| 6 | 290.00 | 290.00 | 2.10 | 2.09 | 20.50 | 20.50 |
| 7 | 241.00 | 241.00 | 2.00 | 2.01 | 15.10 | 14.60 |
| 8 | 312.00 | 312.00 | 2.30 | 2.31 | 20.70 | 21.10 |
| 9 | 290.00 | 290.00 | 2.10 | 2.09 | 20.50 | 20.50 |
| 10 | 228.00 | 228.00 | 2.00 | 1.99 | 13.10 | 13.50 |
| 11 | 284.00 | 284.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 19.20 | 19.20 |
| 12 | 207.00 | 207.00 | 1.90 | 1.92 | 13.20 | 13.40 |
| 13 | 290.00 | 290.00 | 2.20 | 2.22 | 21.70 | 21.60 |
| 14 | 284.00 | 284.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 19.20 | 19.20 |
| 15 | 290.00 | 290.00 | 2.20 | 2.22 | 21.70 | 21.60 |
Table 6
Comparison between the prediction performance of all properties by ANNs
| Tested properties | Tensile strength (N) | “Stiffness” Bending length * 10−2 (m) | Elongation % | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistical factors | warp | weft | warp | weft | warp | weft |
| R-squared :coefficient of determination | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| MSE :mean squared error | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
| RMSE :root mean squared error | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.27 |
| MAE :mean absolute error | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.19 |
| MAPE: mean absolute percentage error | 0.01% | 0.01% | 1.62% | 0.88% | 0.69% | 1.14% |