Coefficients for Assessing the Visibility of Materials Used in Anti-Smog Face Masks

Agnieszka Brochocka; Grzegorz Owczarek; Joanna Szkudlarek

doi:10.2478/ftee-2022-0022

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Coefficients for Assessing the Visibility of Materials Used in Anti-Smog Face Masks

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

Volume 30 (2022): Issue 3 (October 2022)

By: Agnieszka Brochocka , Grzegorz Owczarek and Joanna Szkudlarek

Open Access

|Oct 2022

Figures & Tables

Materials studied: (a) – sample 1, blue nonwoven printed with an open star pattern, (b) – sample 2, white nonwoven printed with a solid star pattern

Models of anti-smog half-masks: (a) – model A – sample 1, the outer layer printed with a phosphorescent open star pattern, (b) – model B – sample 2, the outer layer printed with a phosphorescent solid star pattern

Studied half-mask models with phosphorescent patterns in a dark room: (a) model A - with an open star pattern, (b) model B - with a solid star pattern

MiniScan XE Plus reflectometer (USA) used for determining the reflectance coefficient and chromaticity coordinates

Luminance coefficient β for samples placed on white and grey nonwovens

Luminance coefficient β for samples 1 and 2 on a white nonwoven

Irradiated sample 1: (a) photograph of the star pattern; (b) histogram

Non-irradiated sample 1: (a) photograph of the star pattern; (b) histogram

Mean RGB values measured for the open star pattern outline

Irradiated sample 2: (a) photograph of the star pattern; (b) histogram

Non-irradiated sample 2: (a) photograph of the star pattern; (b) histogram.

Mean RGB values measured for the solid star pattern surface

RGB values measured for the outline of the open star pattern

Measurement No.	Irradiated sample			Non-irradiated sample
Measurement No.	R	G	B	R	G	B
1	49	82	51	48	39	26
2	51	86	54	49	45	34
3	53	73	48	55	49	37
4	53	77	53	45	39	27
5	50	76	47	44	40	29
6	58	78	51	49	41	30
7	50	91	50	49	41	29
8	50	76	47	52	43	34
9	48	74	47	47	41	29
10	48	74	45	53	41	27
Mean	51	78.7	49.3	49.1	41.9	30.2
Standard deviation	3.0	5.9	2.9	3.4	3.1	3.6

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 1 on a black reference plate

Measurement No.	Y	x	y	β
1	23.460	0.279	0.305	0.235
2	22.600	0.277	0.301	0.226
3	22.180	0.279	0.304	0.222
4	22.810	0.278	0.303	0.228
5	22.330	0.278	0.303	0.223
6	22.950	0.278	0.304	0.230
7	22.400	0.279	0.304	0.224
8	23.320	0.280	0.306	0.233
9	22.430	0.279	0.304	0.224
10	22.520	0.277	0.302	0.225
Mean	22.700	0.278	0.303	0.227
Standard deviation	0.428	0.001	0.001	0.004

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 2 on a black reference plate

Measurement No.	Y	x	y	ß
1	39.280	0.313	0.330	0.393
2	37.500	0.312	0.328	0.375
3	37.790	0.313	0.330	0.378
4	37.530	0.312	0.328	0.375
5	40.180	0.313	0.330	0.402
6	39.170	0.313	0.330	0.392
7	40.040	0.313	0.330	0.400
8	39.080	0.312	0.329	0.391
9	40.960	0.313	0.330	0.410
10	40.820	0.313	0.330	0.408
Mean	39.235	0.313	0.329	0.392
Standard deviation	1.294	0.000	0.001	0.013

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 1 on a white reference plate

Measurement No.	Y	x	y	β
1	41.900	0.270	0.299	0.419
2	39.480	0.264	0.293	0.395
3	41.410	0.270	0.298	0.414
4	42.510	0.272	0.301	0.425
5	38.220	0.267	0.298	0.382
6	40.630	0.267	0.295	0.406
7	39.730	0.267	0.295	0.397
8	39.810	0.272	0.298	0.398
9	39.430	0.268	0.297	0.394
10	38.880	0.267	0.295	0.389
Mean	40.200	0.268	0.297	0.402
Standard deviation	1.375	0.003	0.002	0.014

Air flow resistance comparison for printed and non-printed material

No.	Type of nonwoven fabric	Air flow resistance, Pa
1	Nonwoven fabric printed with an open star pattern	23,5
2	Nonwoven fabric printed with a solid star pattern	28,7
3	Nonwoven fabric without printing	21,6

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 1 on a grey nonwoven

Measurement No.	Y	x	y	β
1	22.870	0.278	0.303	0.229
2	24.230	0.280	0.306	0.242
3	24.350	0.279	0.304	0.244
4	23.080	0.278	0.303	0.231
5	23.340	0.280	0.305	0.233
6	23.780	0.279	0.304	0.238
7	23.120	0.279	0.303	0.231
8	23.750	0.279	0.304	0.238
9	23.920	0.278	0.303	0.239
10	23.190	0.277	0.302	0.232
Mean	23.563	0.279	0.304	0.236
Standard deviation	0.513	0.001	0.001	0.005

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 2 on a white nonwoven

Measurement No.	Y	x	y	ß
1	85.060	0.314	0.333	0.851
2	85.060	0.315	0.335	0.851
3	84.490	0.314	0.332	0.845
4	84.300	0.314	0.333	0.843
5	85.960	0.314	0.333	0.860
6	85.830	0.314	0.332	0.858
7	85.580	0.314	0.332	0.856
8	83.750	0.315	0.334	0.838
9	84.760	0.315	0.333	0.848
10	84.030	0.314	0.332	0.840
Mean	84.882	0.314	0.333	0.849
Standard deviation	0.755	0.001	0.001	0.008

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 2 on a white reference plate

Measurement No.	Y	x	y	ß
1	84.250	0.314	0.333	0.843
2	84.510	0.315	0.335	0.845
3	84.060	0.313	0.332	0.841
4	84.470	0.315	0.335	0.845
5	83.270	0.314	0.332	0.833
6	83.510	0.313	0.331	0.835
7	83.960	0.314	0.333	0.840
8	82.490	0.314	0.33`9	0.825
9	83.970	0.313	0.331	0.840
10	83.890	0.314	0.332	0.839
Mean	83.838	0.314	0.333	0.838
Standard deviation	0.610	0.001	0.001	0.006

RGB values measured for the solid star pattern

Measurement No.	Irradiated sample			Non-irradiated sample
Measurement No.	R	G	B	R	G	B
1	56	135	78	56	71	49
2	45	131	79	58	73	44
3	62	126	71	58	71	43
4	44	122	70	52	64	40
5	55	128	73	55	69	43
6	51	120	66	57	70	42
7	44	121	70	50	62	38
8	60	118	68	54	64	49
9	60	134	81	56	71	42
10	53	136	80	58	41	45
Mean	53	127.1	73.6	55.4	64.6	43.5
Standard deviation	6.8	6.7	5.4	2.7	9.4	3.5

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 1 on a white nonwoven

Measurement No.	Y	x	y	β
1	40.520	0.266	0.294	0.405
2	42.080	0.267	0.294	0.421
3	41.390	0.265	0.293	0.414
4	41.750	0.266	0.294	0.418
5	43.330	0.268	0.296	0.433
6	41.900	0.267	0.294	0.419
7	42.840	0.272	0.294	0.428
8	41.600	0.267	0.296	0.416
9	42.430	0.268	0.295	0.424
10	42.490	0.270	0.298	0.425
Mean	42.033	0.268	0.295	0.420
Standard deviation	0.795	0.002	0.001	0.008

References

Authors

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2022-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2300-7354 | Journal ISSN: 1230-3666

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Language: English

Page range: 46 - 56

Published on: Oct 12, 2022

Published by: Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: Volume open

Keywords:

spunbond nonwoven,

phosphorescent material,

face half-mask,

coefficient of reflectance,

chromaticity coordinates,

luminance

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Business management,

Business informatics,

Process management,

Industrial chemistry,

Cellulose, paper and textiles,

Polymer science and technology,

Materials sciences,

Biomaterials and natural materials

© 2022 Agnieszka Brochocka, Grzegorz Owczarek, Joanna Szkudlarek, published by Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Volume 30 (2022): Issue 3 (October 2022)

Coefficients for Assessing the Visibility of Materials Used in Anti-Smog Face Masks

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

RGB values measured for the outline of the open star pattern

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 1 on a black reference plate

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 2 on a black reference plate

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 1 on a white reference plate

Air flow resistance comparison for printed and non-printed material

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 1 on a grey nonwoven

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 2 on a white nonwoven

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 2 on a white reference plate

RGB values measured for the solid star pattern

Luminance coefficient β and chromaticity coordinates for sample 1 on a white nonwoven

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