Fig. 1
Evaluation of the antifungal activity of leather samples III against strains tested
| Microorganisms | Evaluation of fungal growth in agar medium [−] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leather unfinished/finished with essential oils | |||||||
| III KON | III 1t | III 2t | III 5t | III 1h | III 2h | III 5h | |
| Aspergillus niger | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Chaetomium globosum | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Candida albicans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Description of leather samples tested
| Description of leather samples tested | Code | Leather number |
|---|---|---|
| Reference leather without an antimicrobial finish | I KON | I |
| Leather treated with 1% thyme essential oil | I 1t | I |
| Leather treated with 2% thyme essential oil | I 2t | I |
| Leather treated with 5% thyme essential oil | I 5t | I |
| Leather treated with 1% tea tree essential oil | I 1h | I |
| Leather treated with 2% tea tree essential oil | I 2h | I |
| Leather treated with 5% tea tree essential oil | I 5h | I |
| Reference leather without an antimicrobial finish | II KON | II |
| Leather treated with 1% thyme essential oil | II 1t | II |
| Leather treated with 2% thyme essential oil | II 2t | II |
| Leather treated with 5% thyme essential oil | II 5t | II |
| Leather treated with 1% tea tree essential oil | II 1h | II |
| Leather treated with 2% tea tree essential oil | II 2h | II |
| Leather treated with 5% tea tree essential oil | II 5h | II |
| Reference leather without an antimicrobial finish | III KON | III |
| Leather treated with 1% thyme essential oil | III 1t | III |
| Leather treated with 2% thyme essential oil | III 2t | III |
| Leather treated with 5% thyme essential oil | III 5t | III |
| Leather treated with 1% tea tree essential oil | III 1h | III |
| Leather treated with 2% tea tree essential oil | III 2h | III |
| Leather treated with 5% tea tree essential oil | III 5h | III |
| Reference leather without an antimicrobial finish | IV KON | IV |
| Leather treated with 1% thyme essential oil | IV 1t | IV |
| Leather treated with 2% thyme essential oil | IV 2t | IV |
| Leather treated with 5% thyme essential oil | IV 5t | IV |
| Leather treated with 1% tea tree essential oil | IV 1h | IV |
| Leather treated with 2% tea tree essential oil | IV 2h | IV |
| Leather treated with 5% tea tree essential oil | IV 5h | IV |
Grading scale for visible antifungal effects
| Growth [−] | Evaluation of fungal growth in agar medium |
|---|---|
| 0 | No visible growth assessed under the microscope (magnification 50x), |
| 1 | No visible growth without magnifying devices, clearly visible under the microscope. |
| 2 | Visible increase without magnifying devices, covering up to 25% of the examination surface. |
| 3 | Visible increase without magnifying devices, covering up to 50% of the examination surface. |
| 4 | Significant increase, covering more than 50% of the surface tested. |
| 5 | Heavy growth, covering the surface tested. |
Evaluation of the antifungal activity of leather samples I against strains tested
| Microorganisms | Evaluation of fungal growth in agar medium [−] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leather unfinished/finished with essential oils | |||||||
| I KON | I 1t | I 2t | I 5t | I 1h | I 2h | I 5h | |
| Aspergillus niger | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Chaetomium globosum | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Candida albicans | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Evaluation of the antifungal activity of leather samples II against strains tested
| Microorganisms | Evaluation of fungal growth in agar medium [−] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leather unfinished/finished with essential oils | |||||||
| II KON | II 1t | II 2t | II 5t | II 1h | II 2h | II 5h | |
| Aspergillus niger | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Chaetomium globosum | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Candida albicans | 5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 5 |
Evaluation of the antifungal activity of leather samples IV against strains tested
| Microorganisms | Evaluation of fungal growth in agar medium [−] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leather unfinished/finished with essential oils | |||||||
| IV KON | IV 1t | IV 2t | IV 5t | IV 1h | IV 2h | IV 5h | |
| Aspergillus niger | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Chaetomium globosum | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Candida albicans | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |