Table 1
| No. | Fibre Matrix Composites | Applied treatment method | Resultant properties | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Abaca fibre reinforced composites | Alkali treatment with 5 wt.% NaOH | Increase in tensile strength of ~8% and interfacial shear strength of 32% | [45] |
| 2. | Coir-fibre reinforced polymer composites | 5wt.% NaOH alkali treatment at 20°C for 30 minutes | Increase in tensile strength and flexural strength of 17.8% and 16.7%, respectively | [46] |
| 3. | Benzoxazine resin reinforced with alfa fibres | Alkali treatment with 5wt.% NaOH for 5 hours | Enhancement of microhardness, flexural strength, and modulus by 29, 37 and 10%, respectively. | [47] |
| 4. | Oil palm/bagasse fibre reinforced phenolic hybrid composites | 2% v/v silane treatment and 4% v/v hydrogen peroxide | Increase in tensile strength and flexural strength of ~56 and 120%, respectively | [48] |
| 5. | Acacia tortilis fibre reinforced natural composite | Alkali treatment with 10 wt.% NaOH | Enhancement of tensile strength by 27.5%. | [49] |
| 6. | Flax/banana/industrial waste tea leaf fibre reinforced hybrid polymer composite | 5 wt.% NaOH treatment for 12 hours at 27°C. | Tensile and flexural strength were enhanced by ~7% and ~5% respectively. | [50] |
| 7. | Mutingia Calabura bark fibre reinforced green-epoxy composite | 2-hour alkali treatment with 5% NaOH. 2% silane treatment for 2 hours. | Crystallinity index enhancement of 41.01% with NaOH and 14.86% by silane treatment. Tensile strength improvement of 37.75% and 28.92% with NaOH and by silane treatment, respectively. Thermal stability improvement of 14.15% and 4.81% for NaOH and silane treatment, respectively | [51] |
| 8. | Coir and oil palm empty fruit bunch | Acetylation with a mixture of toluene, methanol, and acetone (4:1:1 volume ratio) for 5 hours at 100°C | Increase of tensile strength by 8% and 10.8% for coir and oil palm fruit bunch respectively | [52] |
Fig. 1
Cellulose chain structure. Reprinted with permission from [14]
Fig. 2
Hemicellulose chemical structure. Reprinted with permission from [14]
Fig. 3
Lignin chemical structure. Reprinted with permission from [14]
Alkaline Treatment setup of sisal fibre by J.T Kim et. al,2010 [22]
