Fig. 1
![Idealised Geometry of Stuffer Box Crimped Fibre [9]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6471dae8215d2f6c89db3242/j_ftee-2022-0007_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKKGQJEO4M%2F20251213%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251213T073030Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEoaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDNxwCN4NHtjZFQhqjrh8wx47c1ac5j5FrTf0ujLnZ1ngIhAJFcXJMeGiIEhuQfXDWV5oXxDAxAjUztuzTHR5hOStHOKr0FCBMQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgyniMD56ZArvHYnQT0qmgVKhL80QdYQbA7lKtP3ULnYiyDc9agXTpMoVNst26HAJBP%2FKtk7SUAlOQ53Qwnq6yUT2ii46I%2FsmA%2BuWR0UJMmF7v3Q8GU6tTy%2FH5DXypqh3%2BVAb355j0vvsry43IIbQXXEwcXtxvJq3X5PhnV8UTbrbuBLsn7nMMdxKpAGdq7MwQzX2TOZDt%2By%2Biz%2BhqYgMqUrVMvrdmkEbJ%2FunsvYEEqCbWxvL8yX0ENTxYJ%2B0oQcMISkI2zNwceE67pnaRB5doGkyqRzrL1XQeXjF3G4tTzwDNJjI%2B%2FBGA1oOapEnUqoubrxZPJAXFvpbMvS8UYWAhCygpn5GPLiq1cDMzWI%2F89BFFai4OSgI%2BVQX0yNUvpbi%2F1WWP1j24wIsPncUVEYnN9MUxdahGCXpWm0hsD6GQgpDW4K%2BcxZ7hXvj2XPMY4gDrmenFMGHRflQwqGUtm1XrKiGDn4BR3Mrj3bEtJ0%2F7p8vlrZJwcjL6v83xVix0LaR9IJgJk%2BRj%2Fnld7flKkw0t2ePolWBwQG%2FQJUPlCdrLgJi%2F7Yi9Zrhrmy91mDDwB%2Fj3CgUOr4JxbNR5Fd0TSPbvipuR%2BKzq8GBAQkIw5x1PEg0ZHax2DCdQovT6%2F3yzml1XgKYGTYpqRev0yGuGN0ypiV1Vch4qZ8aTg0Owwayx9xgbcFeGaKzYkRSrA5QblarhkjW9KRpt6ioEZOeUxbSCW3qtkIrZkJKGn7tTsqSnQLS4oaHxDf9w4NelC9ri1ZbJNAi7zp90S8I4m5ccsXyWlOpKqEyXAHOexcMK3%2B2fJVhz5%2BVmfNcSeNLaDzZGrqw6vkFEi3c24qWc1mMfh%2FcqgOgGpXAy3ntkaPUAq5%2FltbhyHIH2E%2BoJkue520DqRNKC2ubgwbA8Y0S4cwv5XzyQY6sAGBI6PskEtnbl2z%2B0dWNQiDukgwS6%2FCFb5Hi9%2FIf9KEP392F8KfEQMUgvJRrTkY9wkZ6NS4QeSveMK5HLQqkdwDVCKJMCf5VzEMFd1NGGSQ2lZdAFc0AMSrHw6izt0fbo9uMidFO75Ur14S0NiqfABRVXgLt8VO7m0ULs6afnLA4bRO%2F3jXTwhKWEkpIUzbupfdCvuuuECL7ZUEhNRvxCNWgxPT4aaoQPj5DZx6sR67fw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=122fab2b1fccedfe1dc5bca8034aae53b7bd8fcb97efd78cd27193e0ba0f422d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Description of Figure 1
| n = number of crimp waves per unit length of fibre | L = n l = crimped length of fibre |
| φ = crimp angle | λ = 2l = wave length of crimped fibre |
| lo = side length of one crimp bow | A = crimp amplitude |
| Lo = 2n lo = extended length of fibre | α = angle between crimp leg, fibre axis |
| l = width of one crimp bow |
Parameters of a crimp for different numbers of crimps per unit length
| Number of crimps per 2.54 cm | Width of one crimp bow l (mm) | Crimp length of fibre L (mm) | Crimp angle (φ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 8.83 | 26.49 | 145.03° |
| 4 | 6.87 | 27.48 | 136.67° |
| 5 | 5.63 | 28.15 | 126.16° |
Correlation and regression between the number of crimps, crimp length and crimp angle
| S.N | Relation between | Correlation (r) | Regression (p) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Number of crimps per unit length (2.54 cm) and crimp length of fibre (mm) | r = 0.9976 | p = 0.0440 |
| 2. | Number of crimps per unit length (2.54 cm) and crimp angle (φ) | r = −0.9978 | p = 0.0418 |
Materials used in this research
| Raw material | Yarn count (Tex) | Number of crimps per (2.54 cm) | Yarn twist per 2.54 cm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 % jute fibre | 218 | 3 | 4.5 |
| 258 | 4 | ||
| 311 | 5 |
Breaking force, single yarn strength or tenacity and elongation percentage of yarns with different numbers of crimps per unit length
| Breaking force (N) | Yarn strength or tenacity (cN/Tex) | Elongation % | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 crimps/2.54 cm | 4 crimps/2.54 cm | 5 crimps/2.54 cm | 3 crimps/2.54 cm | 4 crimps/2.54 cm | 5 crimps/2.54 cm | 3 crimps/2.54 cm | 4 crimps/2.54 cm | 5 crimps/2.54 cm | |
| 1 | 25.67 | 32.56 | 46.96 | 119.60 | 128.06 | 153.50 | 1.39 | 1.51 | 1.97 |
| 2 | 26.26 | 33.24 | 45.32 | 122.35 | 130.74 | 148.11 | 1.19 | 1.58 | 1.72 |
| 3 | 25.89 | 31.96 | 45.01 | 120.49 | 125.70 | 147.13 | 1.49 | 1.71 | 1.87 |
| 4 | 24.91 | 33.87 | 46.59 | 116.06 | 133.22 | 152.29 | 1.48 | 1.36 | 2.27 |
| 5 | 26.58 | 32.04 | 44.91 | 123.46 | 126.02 | 146.80 | 1.68 | 1.41 | 2.47 |
| Avg | 25.86 | 32.71 | 45.75 | 120.46 | 128.74 | 149.56 | 1.44 | 1.51 | 2.06 |