Table 1
Provenances and characteristics of the used seeds.
| Provenances | The harvest year | Age of seeds at the time of use | Bioclimate | GPS coordinates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thienet El Had (Province of Tissemsilt) | 2017 | 2 years | Sub-humid and humid | 35°51′56″N 01°55′30″E |
| Chrea (Province of Blida) | 2017 | 2 years | Perhumid, humid and sub-humid | 36°21′36.122″N 02°49′4.184″E |
| Chelia (Province of Khenchela) | 2017 | 2 years | Sub-humid and humid | 35°19′48.5″N 6°39′01.2″E |
Figure 1
Cedrus atlantica (Manetti ex Endl.) Carrière.
a: aerial part; b: seeds; c: longitudinal sections of seeds stained with 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride (1–6: viable seeds; 7–9: non-viable seeds); Em = embryo; Mp = micropyle; Ra = radicle; Sc = seed coat. The bar corresponds to 1 cm.
Figure 2
Cumulative germination percentages of Cedrus atlantica seeds as a function of temperatures and provenances. a: Thienet El Had; b: Chelia; c: Chrea.
Figure 3
Effect of temperature on the final germination percentage (FGP), velocity coefficient (VC) and latency time (LT) in Cedrus atlantica seeds of the three provenances.
Table 2
Effect of temperature and provenance on the final germination percentage (FGP), velocity coefficient (VC) and latency time (LT) in Cedrus atlantica seeds of the three provenances (mean ± SE, n = 4).
| Source of variation | DL | Sums of squares | Mean squares | F | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGP | Temperature | 2 | 1106.005 | 553.002 | 5.946 | 0.007 |
| Provenance | 2 | 11682.538 | 5841.269 | 62.806 | < 0.0001 | |
| Temperature*Provenance | 4 | 456.643 | 114.161 | 1.227 | 0.323 | |
| VC | Temperature | 2 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.650 | 0.530 |
| Provenance | 2 | 0.028 | 0.014 | 8.025 | 0.002 | |
| Temperature*Provenance | 4 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.546 | 0.703 | |
| LT | Temperature | 2 | 91.556 | 45.778 | 1.830 | 0.180 |
| Provenance | 2 | 56.722 | 28.361 | 1.134 | 0.337 | |
| Temperature*Provenance | 4 | 86.111 | 21.528 | 0.860 | 0.500 |
[i] DL: degree of liberty; F: Fisher Snedecor variable; p: probability; SE: standard deviation.
[ii] In bold: a statistically significant difference at p < 0.05.
Table 3
Effect of treatments used on the final germination percentage (FGP), velocity coefficient (VC) and latency time (LT) in seeds of Cedrus atlantica of Thienet El Had provenance (mean ± SE, n = 4).
| FGP (%) | VC (%) | LT (days) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 52 ± 4.2 b | 09.7 ± 0.1 a | 7 a |
| H2O2 (2%) | 45 ± 12.6 ab | 28.3 ± 3.9 c | 3 b |
| H2O2 (4%) | 27 ± 5.4 a | 27.9 ± 3.2 c | 3 b |
| GA3 (50 ppm) | 47 ± 2.7 ab | 19.1 ± 1.0 b | 3 b |
| GA3 (100 ppm) | 50 ± 5.8 ab | 17.9 ± 1.5 b | 3 b |
| GA3 (150 ppm) | 58 ± 7.4 bc | 25.6 ± 1.5 c | 3 b |
| GA3 (200 ppm) | 50 ± 8.8 ab | 17.6 ± 0.4 b | 3 b |
| Cold stratification (5°C) | 46 ± 7.7 ab | 18.8 ± 1.5 b | 3 b |
| Hot water (80 °C) | 77 ± 6.9 c | 50.8 ± 2.2 d | 2 c |
[i] H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; GA3: Gibberellic acid.
[ii] Different letters indicate significant differences (p <0.05).
Figure 4
Effect of the different water potentials on the final germination percentage (FGP), velocity coefficient (VC) and latency time (LT) in seeds of Cedrus atlantica of Thienet El Had provenance. Different letters indicate significant difference between means (p < 0.05).