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Comparative study of Central and Eastern European alliances of thermophilous oak forests (Quercion petraea, Betonico-Quercion, and Lathyro-Quercion) within the temperate zone of Europe Cover

Comparative study of Central and Eastern European alliances of thermophilous oak forests (Quercion petraea, Betonico-Quercion, and Lathyro-Quercion) within the temperate zone of Europe

Forestry Studies
Volume 75 (2021): Issue 1 (December 2021)
By:
Open Access
|Jun 2022

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Cluster analysis dendrogram of the syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests. Syntaxa numbers are the same as in Table S1.
Cluster analysis dendrogram of the syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests. Syntaxa numbers are the same as in Table S1.

Figure 2

Ordination diagram of groups of syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests and projection of phytoindicational variables. Hd – moisture, Rc – soil acidity, Nt – soil nitrogen, Lc – light regime, Tm – temperature, Kn – continentality. Letters A, B and C correspond to the groups of syntaxa in Figure 1.
Ordination diagram of groups of syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests and projection of phytoindicational variables. Hd – moisture, Rc – soil acidity, Nt – soil nitrogen, Lc – light regime, Tm – temperature, Kn – continentality. Letters A, B and C correspond to the groups of syntaxa in Figure 1.

Figure 3

Boxplots showing differences in mean values of phytoindicational variables calculated for three groups of thermophilous oak forests syntaxa. Group labels are provided below each figure and correspond to Figure 1. Italic letters above the figures indicate the Tukey’s HSD results.
Boxplots showing differences in mean values of phytoindicational variables calculated for three groups of thermophilous oak forests syntaxa. Group labels are provided below each figure and correspond to Figure 1. Italic letters above the figures indicate the Tukey’s HSD results.

Shares of diagnostic species of different vegetation classes in the syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests_ Groups A, B, and C correspond to those identified by the cluster analysis (Figure 1)_ Syntaxa numbers are the same as in Table S1_ Designations of the vegetation classes: PUB – Quercetea pubescentis, FAG – Carpino-Fagetea, QUE – Quercetea robori-petraeae, BRA – Brachypodio-Betuletea pendulae, FES – Festuco-Brometea, GER – Trifolio-Geranietea, MOL – Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, RHA – Crataego-Prunetea_

Syntaxa num.Group of syntaxaPUBFAGQUEBRAFESGERMOLRHA
1A0.160.220.090.070.100.220.090.05
2A0.140.190.060.060.200.230.060.05
3A0.160.240.060.050.160.190.100.05
4A0.140.250.060.060.110.210.120.05
5A0.140.190.050.050.210.210.100.04
6A0.160.200.090.080.090.240.090.06
7A0.170.190.080.070.100.260.060.06
8A0.110.140.090.080.170.210.150.05
9A0.110.090.120.070.290.220.050.04
10A0.120.170.080.070.190.250.070.05
11B0.160.140.080.120.140.210.150.01
12B0.140.130.080.110.170.240.120.03
13B0.140.190.060.080.160.210.100.05
14B0.120.150.040.100.150.240.160.04
15B0.150.120.060.100.180.200.150.03
16B0.120.210.110.130.070.190.170.01
17B0.100.110.100.110.160.200.220.01
18B0.160.230.110.110.060.180.140.01
19B0.080.110.040.110.260.210.150.04
20B0.080.120.040.120.230.200.190.02
21C0.050.190.070.280.100.200.160.01
22C0.050.200.060.200.130.200.120.04
23C0.080.190.060.200.120.230.120.01
24C0.080.190.060.190.100.220.100.05
25C0.080.150.050.220.150.220.130.01
26C0.070.160.050.220.180.210.110.01
27C0.080.220.050.200.110.190.110.04
28C0.080.160.050.190.160.190.130.03
Average by Group A0.140.190.080.070.160.220.090.05
Average by Group B0.140.160.080.110.140.210.150.02
Average by Group C0.070.170.050.190.150.210.130.02

Species with the highest scores of average constancy in each cluster of syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests_ Five topmost species are shown in each cluster_ The numbers represent ranks and the upper indexes are percentages of the average constancy of the species_

Species (grouped by the layers)Clusters of syntaxa
ABC
Tree layer
Quercus petraea180
Carpinus betulus245
Prunus avium L.328
Quercus robur426198188
Betula pendula 24057
Pinus sylvestris518334
Pyrus communis 433
Tilia cordata 258
Ulmus glabra 444
Acer platanoides 527353
Shrub layer
Ligustrum vulgare146
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.241
Acer campestre L.327
Lembotropis nigricans427
Prunus spinosa L.525
Euonymus verrucosus Scop. 149248
Frangula alnus 248
Sorbus aucuparia 344
Cytisus ruthenicus 436
Corylus avellana L. 530
Prunus padus L. 152
Caragana frutex 347
Prunus fruticosa 444
Rhamnus cathartica L. 540
Herbaceous layer
Veronica chamaedrys179262
Poa nemoralis273 576
Clinopodium vulgare352454
Euphorbia cyparissias L.450
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik.550
Betonica officinalis 164
Convallaria majalis 357
Poa angustifolia L. 553
Origanum vulgare 184
Stellaria holostea 283
Brachypodium pinnatum 380
Rubus saxatilis L. 477
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fsmu-2021-0010 | Journal eISSN: 1736-8723 | Journal ISSN: 1406-9954
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Language: English
Page range: 41 - 54
Submitted on: Dec 12, 2021
Accepted on: Dec 14, 2021
Published on: Jun 4, 2022
Published by: Estonian University of Life Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year
Keywords:
Europe,
thermophilous oak forests,
syntaxonomy
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Plant science,
Ecology,
Life sciences, other

© 2022 Igor Goncharenko, published by Estonian University of Life Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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