Figure 1
Cluster analysis dendrogram of the syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests. Syntaxa numbers are the same as in Table S1.
Figure 2
Ordination diagram of groups of syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests and projection of phytoindicational variables. Hd – moisture, Rc – soil acidity, Nt – soil nitrogen, Lc – light regime, Tm – temperature, Kn – continentality. Letters A, B and C correspond to the groups of syntaxa in Figure 1.
Figure 3
Boxplots showing differences in mean values of phytoindicational variables calculated for three groups of thermophilous oak forests syntaxa. Group labels are provided below each figure and correspond to Figure 1. Italic letters above the figures indicate the Tukey’s HSD results.
Table 1
Shares of diagnostic species of different vegetation classes in the syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests. Groups A, B, and C correspond to those identified by the cluster analysis (Figure 1). Syntaxa numbers are the same as in Table S1. Designations of the vegetation classes: PUB – Quercetea pubescentis, FAG – Carpino-Fagetea, QUE – Quercetea robori-petraeae, BRA – Brachypodio-Betuletea pendulae, FES – Festuco-Brometea, GER – Trifolio-Geranietea, MOL – Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, RHA – Crataego-Prunetea.
| Syntaxa num. | Group of syntaxa | PUB | FAG | QUE | BRA | FES | GER | MOL | RHA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
| 2 | A | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| 3 | A | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| 4 | A | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| 5 | A | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.04 |
| 6 | A | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| 7 | A | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| 8 | A | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.05 |
| 9 | A | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| 10 | A | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
| 11 | B | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.01 |
| 12 | B | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.03 |
| 13 | B | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| 14 | B | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.04 |
| 15 | B | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.03 |
| 16 | B | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.01 |
| 17 | B | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.01 |
| 18 | B | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.01 |
| 19 | B | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.04 |
| 20 | B | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.02 |
| 21 | C | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.01 |
| 22 | C | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.04 |
| 23 | C | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.01 |
| 24 | C | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| 25 | C | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
| 26 | C | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
| 27 | C | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
| 28 | C | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.03 |
| Average by Group A | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.05 | |
| Average by Group B | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.02 | |
| Average by Group C | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.02 | |
Table 2
Species with the highest scores of average constancy in each cluster of syntaxa of thermophilous oak forests. Five topmost species are shown in each cluster. The numbers represent ranks and the upper indexes are percentages of the average constancy of the species.
| Species (grouped by the layers) | Clusters of syntaxa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |
| Tree layer | |||
| Quercus petraea | 180 | ||
| Carpinus betulus | 245 | ||
| Prunus avium L. | 328 | ||
| Quercus robur | 426 | 198 | 188 |
| Betula pendula | 240 | 57 | |
| Pinus sylvestris | 518 | 334 | |
| Pyrus communis | 433 | ||
| Tilia cordata | 258 | ||
| Ulmus glabra | 444 | ||
| Acer platanoides | 527 | 353 | |
| Shrub layer | |||
| Ligustrum vulgare | 146 | ||
| Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | 241 | ||
| Acer campestre L. | 327 | ||
| Lembotropis nigricans | 427 | ||
| Prunus spinosa L. | 525 | ||
| Euonymus verrucosus Scop. | 149 | 248 | |
| Frangula alnus | 248 | ||
| Sorbus aucuparia | 344 | ||
| Cytisus ruthenicus | 436 | ||
| Corylus avellana L. | 530 | ||
| Prunus padus L. | 152 | ||
| Caragana frutex | 347 | ||
| Prunus fruticosa | 444 | ||
| Rhamnus cathartica L. | 540 | ||
| Herbaceous layer | |||
| Veronica chamaedrys | 179 | 262 | |
| Poa nemoralis | 273 | 576 | |
| Clinopodium vulgare | 352 | 454 | |
| Euphorbia cyparissias L. | 450 | ||
| Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. | 550 | ||
| Betonica officinalis | 164 | ||
| Convallaria majalis | 357 | ||
| Poa angustifolia L. | 553 | ||
| Origanum vulgare | 184 | ||
| Stellaria holostea | 283 | ||
| Brachypodium pinnatum | 380 | ||
| Rubus saxatilis L. | 477 | ||