Retirement Outcomes for Female Primary Carers in Australia: A Literature Review
References
- Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia. (ASFA) (2017) Superannuation account balances by age and gender, viewed 29 June 2018,
- (ABS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2000) Social Trends 2000, cat. no. 4102.0, viewed 29 July 2013, AusStats Database.
- (ABS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2003) Disability, ageing and carers, Australia: summary of findings, Cat. no. 4430.0, AusStats Database.
- (ABS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007) National Survey of Mental health and Well Being, Australia, cat. no. 4326.0, AusStats Database.
- (ABS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008) A profile of carers in Australia: Summary of findings, cat. no. 4448.0, viewed 2 July 2011, AusStats Database.
- (ABS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2009) Australian Social Trends, cat. no. 4102.0, viewed 29 June 2018,
- (ABS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2012a) Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of findings, cat. 4430.0, AusStats Database.
- (ABS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2012b) Australia: Labour Force Status and Other Characteristics of Families, June 2012, cat. no. 4224.0.55.001, AusStats Database.
- (ABS). Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016) 3310.0 – Marriages and Divorces, Australia, 2016, available at http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3310.0.
- Australian Centre for Financial Studies. (2009) Mercer Global Pension Index 2009, viewed 13 August 2013,
- Australian Council of Social Services. (ACOSS). (2012) Poverty in Australia, Paper 194, ACOSS, Strawberry Hills, Australia, viewed 1 November 2013,
- Australian Government Department of Social Services. (2005) Social Change in Australian Families, viewed 29 June 2018,
- Australian Human Rights Commission. (2009) Accumulating poverty: Women’s experiences of inequality over the lifecycle (2009), viewed 20 October 2010, https://www.humanrights.gov.au/news/speeches/accumulating-poverty-women-s-experiences-inequality-over-lifecycle-2009.
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2004) Carers in Australia, assisting frail older people and people with a disability, viewed 7 September 2008,
- Bianchi, R., Drew, M., Walk, A. and Wiafe, O. (2016) ‘Retirement Adequacy of Indigenous Australians: A Baseline Study’, Economic Papers, 35:4, pp. 359–374.
- Bittman, M., Hill, R. and Thompson, C. (2007) ‘The impact of caring on informal carers’ employment, income and earnings: a longitudinal approach’, Australian Journal of Social Issues, 42:2, pp. 252–272.
- Blackburn, R. (2002) Banking on death: or, investing in life: the history and future of pensions, Verso, London.
- Borowski, A. (2013) ‘Risky by Design: The mandatory private pillar of Australia’s retirement income system’, Social Policy Developments in Australia and New Zealand, 47:6, pp. 749–764.
- Brown, C. (1994) ‘The distribution of private sector superannuation by gender, age, and salary of members’, Retirement income modeling task force conference paper, 94:2, Retirement Income Modelling Task Force, The Treasury, Canberra.
- Certified Practising Accountants 2012, Self-funded retirement, a pipe dream for many, viewed 4 May 2013,
- Clare, R. (1994a) ‘Women and superannuation’, Australian Accountant, 64:8, pp. 34–34.
- Clare, R. (1994b) ‘Women and superannuation’, in Economic Planning and Advisory Council (EPAC), & Office for the Status of Women (OSW) (Eds.), Women and Superannuation: Selected Seminar Papers: Background paper 41:128.
- Clare, R. (2001) Equity and retirement income provision in Australia, ASFA Research Centre, viewed 2 June 2018,
- Clare, R. (2017) Superannuation account balances by age and gender, Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia, viewed 4 June 2018,
- Colebatch, T. (2009) ‘Retirement by 70 a fading hope for many’, The Age, 25 February, 2009, viewed 12 June 2012,
- COTA Australia. (2015) Submission to the Senate Standing Committee on Economics, Inquiry into Economic Security for Women in Retirement.
- Council on the Ageing (Australia). (2002) Superannuation and standards of living, Submission to the Senate Select Committee on Superannuation, COTA, Melbourne.
- Cox, E. (1994) ‘Super for unwaged women and low waged women’, in Economic Planning and Advisory Council (EPAC) & Office for the Status of Women (OSW) (Eds.), Women and Superannuation: EPAC Background Paper, no. 41, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, pp. 29–48.
- Cox, E. (2007) ‘Financing our futures: how privatising retirement discriminates against women’, Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, 26:3, pp. 42–50.
- De Bellis, A. (2006) Behind open doors: a construct of nursing practice in an Australia residential aged care facility, thesis (Ph.D.), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University, viewed on 20 July 2013, WorldCat database,
- Deloitte Access Economics. (2014) Financial performance of Australia’s superannuation products, viewed 2 June 2018,
- Deloitte Access Economics. (2015) The economic value of informal care in Australia in 2015, viewed 29 June 2018,
- Department of Human Services. (2018) Carers allowance, viewed on 04 June 2018,
- Donath, S. (1998) ‘The continuing problem of women’s retirement income’, Proceedings of the 7th Australian Women’s Studies Association Conference 16-18 April 1998, University of South Australia, Adelaide.
- Dow, B. and Meyer, C. (2010) ‘Caring and Retirement: Crossroads and Consequences’, International Journal of Health Services, 40:4, pp. 645–665 Bayswater Publishing Company Inc.
- Edey, M. and Simon, J. (1996) Australia’s Retirement Income System: Implications for Saving and Capital Markets, viewed 21 July 2018,
- Edwards, B., Higgins, D.J., Gray, M., Zmijewski, N. and Kingston, M. (2008) ‘The nature and impact of caring for family members with a disability’, Australian Institute of Family Studies and the Department of Families, Housing, Community Service and Indigenous Affairs Research report no. 16, viewed 1 July 2009,
- Estes, C. (2004) ‘Social Security Privatization and older women: A feminist political economy perspective’, Journal of Aging Studies, 18, pp. 9–26, Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, San Francisco, viewed 4 June 2018,
- Expert Panel on Effective Ways of Investing in Health. (EXPH). (2016) Access to health services in the European Union, viewed 2 June 2018
- Harding, A., Lloyd, R. and Greenwell, H. (2001) Financial disadvantage in Australia 1990 to 2000: the persistence of poverty in a decade of growth, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling,
- Fine, M. (2007) A caring society? care and the dilemmas of human services in the 21st century, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
- Folbre, N. (1991) ‘The unproductive housewife: her evolution in nineteenth-century economic thought’, Signs, 16:3, pp. 463–484.
- Fuller-Thomson, E., Minkler, M. and Driver, D. (1997) ‘A profile of grandparents raising grandchildren in the United States’, Gerontologist, 37:3, pp. 406–411.
- Healy, J. and Moskos, M. (2005) How do aged care workers compare with other Australian workers, National Institute of Labour Studies, Flinders University, Adelaide.
- Hely, S. (1993–94) ‘Why Australian super law outshines UK pensions law’, Report of addresses by Goode, Roy and Ellison, Robin, to Superannuation ‘93, A conference for lawyers, includes list of superannuation lawyers for Australia’s top 50 superannuation funds’, Superfunds, 158, pp. 18–21.
- Hess, C. (2013) Women and the care crisis: valuing in-home care in policy and practice, viewed 29 December 2013,
- Hogan, W. (2004) Review of residential pricing arrangements in aged care, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
- Holzmann, R. and Hinz, R. (2005) Old age income support in the 21st century, The World Bank, Washington DC.
- Iskra, L. and Smark, C. (2017) ‘Sequencing risk for baby boomers: Prosperity or poverty’, Financial Planning Research Journal, 3:1, pp. 48–57.
- Jefferson, T. and Preston, A. (2002) ‘The economics of labour markets & retirement provision: baby boomers and gender differences in Australia’, Women’s Economic Policy Analysis Unit Working Discussion Paper Series, No. 25, Curtin University Perth, Western Australia.
- Jefferson, T. (2003) Working and retirement incomes, Women’s Economic Policy Advisory Unit (WEPAU), Working Paper, no. 32, Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business.
- Jefferson, T. (2005) ‘Women and retirement incomes in Australian: a review’, The Economic Record, 81:254, pp. 273–291.
- Jefferson, T. (2007) ‘Discussing retirement insights from a qualitative research project’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 10:2, pp. 129–146.
- Johnson, D., Brimble, M., and Worthington, A.C. (2016) ‘Averting Poverty and Government Budgetary Pressure Through Releasing Home Equity: A Safe and Informed Solution For Baby Boomer Homeowners’, Financial Planning Research Journal, 2:1, pp. 55–79.
- Kelly, S. (2012) Household Savings and Retirement – Where Has all My Super Gone?, Research report for CPA Australia, CPA Australia Ltd, Melbourne.
- Kelly, S., Percival, R. and Harding, A. (2001) Women and superannuation in the 21st century: poverty or plenty?, SPRC National Social Policy Conference 2001, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (Natsem), University of Canberra, Canberra.
- Kelly, S., Percival, R. and Harding, A. (2002) Projecting the impact of changes in superannuation policy: a microsimulation approach, Proceedings of the tenth annual colloquium of superannuation researchers, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM), University of Canberra, Canberra.
- King, A. (2001) Superannuation – the right balance, Certified Practicing Accountant, Australia, viewed 2 July 2013,
- Larkin, J. (1994) ‘Occupational link-eligibility and the ‘two year rule’, in Economic Planning and Advisory Council & Office for the Status of Women,(eds.), Women and Superannuation: Selected Seminar Papers: EPAC Background paper, 41, pp. 63–72.
- Leigh, A. (2009) ‘Informal care and labour market participation’, Labour Economics, doi:10.1016/j. labeco.2009.11.005
- Maloney, G., Marshall, J., McConnell, A., Elliot, J., Banks, A. and Hausknecht, P. (2000) ‘Retirement incomes of women who divorce’, Australian Social Policy, 1, pp. 3–24.
- Murphy, J. (2006) ‘The other welfare state: non-government agencies and the mixed economy of welfare in Australia’, History Australia, 3:2, pp. 44.1–44.15.
- NATSEM. (2012) Income and Wealth Report Issue 32 – Smart Australians: Education and Innovation in Australia, viewed 2 June 2018 < http://www.natsem.canberra.edu.au/publications/?publication=ampnatsem-income-and-wealth-report-issue-32-smart-australians-education-and-innovation-in-australia>
- Nelson, J. (1999) ‘Of markets and martyrs: is it OK to pay well for care?’, Feminist economics, 5:3, pp. 43–59.
- Nepal, B., Tanton, R., Harding., A. and McNamara, J. (2008) ‘Measuring housing stress at small area levels: how much so definitions matter?’, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, Paper prepared for the 3rd Australian Housing Researcher’s Conference, Melbourne 18-20 June, viewed 28 June 2014,
- Nguyen, H.T. and Connelly, L.B. (2013) ‘The effect of unpaid caregiving intensity on labour force participation: results from a multinomial endogenous treatment model’, Social Science and Medicine, viewed 13 April 2014,
- O’Brien, M. and Burgess, J. (2004) ‘Workforce developments affecting the adequacy of superannuation’, [Paper in: Special Issue on Superannuation. Coates, Nick; Vidler, Sacha; and Stilwell, Frank (eds.), Journal of Australian Political Economy, 53, pp. 179–190.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (OECD). (2011) The Impact of Caring on Family Carers, viewed 15 May 2014,
- Olsberg, D. (2001) Women’s economic decision-making at retirement, Paper presented at World Gerontology Conference, 2001, Vancouver.
- Palley, T.I. (2007) ‘Financialization: what it is and why it matters’, The Levy Economics Institute and Economics for Democratic and Open Societies December Working Paper No. 525, Washington, D.C.
- Palmer, E. and Eveline, J. (2012) ‘Sustaining low pay in aged care work’, Gender, Work and Organisation, 19:3, pp. 254–275.
- Parr, N., Ferris, S. and Mahuteau, S. (2007) ‘The impact of children on Australian Women’s and men’s superannuation’, The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 18:1, pp. 3–26, viewed 13 August 2010,
- Pender, H. (1994) ‘The taxation treatment of super’, in Economic Planning and Advisory Council (EPAC), & Office for the Status of Women (OSW) (Eds.),Women and Superannuation: EPAC Background Paper No. 41: 90–93. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
- Preston A. and Austen, S. (2001) ‘Women, superannuation and the SGC’, Australian Bulletin of Labour, 27:4, pp. 272–295.
- Productivity Commission. (2011) Disability care and support, viewed 15 December 2011,
- Qu, L., Edwards, B. and Gray, M. (2012) Aging parent carers of people with a disability, Carers Victoria and the Australian Institute of Family Studies, Commonwealth of Australia, 2012.
- Rice Warner Actuaries. (2012) ‘Valuing females and rewarding them in retirement’, Proceedings of The Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia (ASFA) Conference, 28–30th November 2012, viewed 12 June 2013,
- Rice, K., Walker, C. and Main, A. (2008) ‘Women and informal caregiving’, Women’s Health Victoria, Gender Impact Assessment no. 7, viewed 23 April 2010,
- Rickwood, C., Johnson, L., Worthington, S. and White, L. (2017) ‘Customer Intention to save for Retirement using a Professional Financial Services Planner’, Financial Planning Research Journal, 3:2, pp. 47–67.
- Rosenman, L. and Winocur, S. (1994) ‘Women’s work patterns and the impact upon provision for retirement’, in Economic Planning and Advisory Council (EPAC), & Office for the Status of Women (OSW) (Eds.), Women and superannuation: EPAC background paper, no 41: 95–104, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
- Roseman, L. (1995) ‘Superannuation guarantee charge: benefits and risks’, in Edwards, A. and Magarey, S. (eds.), Women in a restructuring Australia: work and welfare, Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
- Scheiwe, D. (1999) ‘Superannuation, a second-rate sector?’, JASSA, 3, pp. 15–18.
- Schofield, D., Cunich, M., Shrestha, R., Passey, M., Kelly, S., Tanton, R. and Veerman, L. (2014) ‘The impact of chronic conditions of care recipients on the labour force participation of informal carers in Australia: which conditions are associated with higher rates of non-participation in the labour force?’, BMC Public Health 2014, 14, p. 561, doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-561.
- Sharp, R. (1995) ‘Women and superannuation: Super bargain or raw deal?’ in Edwards, A. and Magarey, S. (eds.), Women in a Restructuring Australia: Work and Welfare, Allen and Unwin, Sydney.
- Sharp, R and Austen, S. (2007) ‘The 2006 federal budget: a gender analysis of the superannuation taxation concessions’, Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 10:2, pp. 61–76.
- Sheehan, G., Chizanowski, A. and Dewar, J. (2008) ‘Superannuation and divorce in Australia: an evaluation of post-reform practice and settlement outcomes’, International Journal of Law, Politics and the Family, 22, pp. 206–230.
- Smith, M. (2011) ‘Gender equity: the commission’s legacy and the challenge for fair work Australia’, Journal of Industrial Relations, 53:5, pp. 647–661.
- Stewart, T. (2012a) ‘Research highlights gender gap in superannuation’, Super Review, 12 January, viewed 15 January 2014,
- Stewart, T. (2012b) ‘Women’s superannuation balances “flatline” in their 40s: AIST’, Money Management, 5 April, viewed 15 January 2014,
- Tinnion, J. and Rothman, G. (1999) ‘Retirement income adequacy and the emerging superannuation charge: new estimates’, Proceedings of the Seventh Colloquium of Superannuation Researchers, University of Melbourne, 8 & 9 July, Retirement and Income Modelling Unit, Canberra.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007) Growing Older in America: The Health and Retirement Study, viewed 2 June 2018
- Walpole, S. (1994) ‘Indirect discrimination and superannuation’, in Economic Planning and Advisory Council (EPAC), and Office for the Status of Women (OSW) (eds.), Women and Superannuation: Selected Seminar Papers: Background paper no 41, pp. 115–127, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.
- Wells, R. (2012) ‘Women poorer, men lonelier after divorce’, Sydney Morning Herald, July 24, viewed 15 August 2013,
- Westpac Bank. (2013) ‘Women must work 25 years more to retire with the same amount of super as men’, Westpac Women and Retirement Readiness Research, viewed 10 December 2013,
- Wilkins, R. (2014) Families, income and jobs, Vol. 9: a statistical report on waves 1-11 of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australian Survey (HILDA), funded by the Australian Department of Social Services, managed by the Melbourne Institute of applied economic and social research, The University of Melbourne.
- Women’s Health In the North (WHIN) and Women’s Health Goulburn North East (WHGNE). (2013) Living Longer on Less: Women Speak on superannuation and retirement, viewed 2 June 2018,
- Women in Super. (2014) Women’s Super Summit Report 2014, Australian Institute of Superannuation, viewed 22 august 2014,
- World Bank. (1994) The World Bank annual report 1994 (English). Washington DC; World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/567941468322429653/The-World-Bank-annual-report-1994
Language: English
Page range: 69 - 91
Submitted on: Jan 16, 2018
Accepted on: Jul 30, 2018
Published on: Mar 16, 2024
Published by: Financial Advice Association of Australia
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2024 Amanda Craft, Sharon Taylor, Alicia Gaffney, Suzanne Wagland, published by Financial Advice Association of Australia
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.