References
- Aitken, S. N., Yeaman, S., Holliday, J. A., Wang, T., Curtis-McLane, S., 2008: Adaptation, migration or extirpation: climate change outcomes for tree populations. Evolutionary Applications, 1:95–111.
- Aitken, S. N., Whitlock, M. C., 2013: Assisted gene flow to facilitate local adaptation to climate change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 44:367–388.
- Aitken, S. N., Bemmels, J. B., 2016: Time to get moving: assisted gene flow of forest trees. Evolutionary Applications, 9:271–90.
- Anderson, J. T., 2016: Plant fitness in a rapidly changing world. New Phytologist, 210:81–87.
- Bolte, A., Ammer, C., Löf, M., Madsen, P., Nabuurs, G. J., Schall, P. et al., 2009: Adaptive forest management in central Europe: climate change impacts, strategies and integrative concept. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 24:473–482.
- Bošeľa, M., Popa, I., Gömöry, D., Longauer, R., Tobin, B., Kyncl, J. et al., 2016: Effects of post-glacial phylogeny and genetic diversity on the growth variability and climate sensitivity of European silver fir. Journal of Ecology, 104:716–724.
- Brang, P., Spathelf, P., Larsen, J. B., Bauhus, J., Bončina, A., Chauvin, C. et al., 2014. Suitability of close-to-nature silviculture for adapting temperate European forests to climate change. Forestry, 87:492–503.
- Brunet, J., Larson-Rabin, Z., Stewart, C. M., 2012: The distribution of genetic diversity within and among populations of the Rocky Mountain columbine: the impact of gene flow, pollinators, and mating system. International Journal of Plant Sciences,173:484–494.
- Charlesworth, D., Willis, J. H., 2009: The genetics of inbreeding depression. Nature Reviews Genetics, 10:783–796.
- Darychuk, N., Hawkins, B. J., Stoehr, M., 2012: Tradeoffs between growth and cold and drought hardiness in submaritime Douglas-fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42:1530–1541
- DeWitt, T. J., Scheiner, S. M., 2004: Phenotypic variation from single genotypes: a primer. In: DeWitt, T. J., Scheiner, S. M. (eds.): Phenotypic plasticity functional and conceptual approaches. New York, Oxford University Press, p. 1–9.
- Fady, B., Cottrell, J., Ackzell, L., Alía, R., Muys, B., Prada, A. et al., 2016: Forests and global change: what can genetics contribute to the major forest management and policy challenges of the twenty-first century? Regional Environmental Change, 16:927–939.
- Falconer, D. S., Mackay, T. F. C., 1996: Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Harlow, Longman Press, 480 p.
- Feurdean, A., Bhagwat, S. A., Willis, K. J., Birks, H. J. B., Lischke, H., Hickler, T., 2013: Tree migration-rates: narrowing the gap between inferred post-glacial rates and projected rates. PLoS ONE, 8:e71797.
- Fick, S. E., Hijmans, R. J., 2017: Worldclim 2: New 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37:4302–4315.
- Finkeldey, R., Ziehe, M., 2004: Genetic implications of silvicultural regimes. Forest Ecology and Management, 197:231–244.
- Gömöry, D., Foffová, E., Longauer, R., Krajmerová, D., 2015: Memory effects associated with the early-growth environment in Norway spruce and European larch. European Journal of Forest Research, 134:89–97.
- Gömöry, D., Longauer, R., Hlásny, T., Pacalaj, M., Strmeň, S., Krajmerová, D., 2012b: Adaptation to common optimum in different populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). European Journal of Forest Research, 131:401–411.
- Gömöry, D., Paule, L., Krajmerová, D., Romšáková, I., Longauer, R., 2012a: Admixture of genetic lineages of different glacial origin: a case study of Abies alba Mill. in the Carpathians. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 298:703–712.
- Holliday, J. A., Zhou, L. C., Bawa, R., Zhang, M., Oubida, R. W., 2016: Evidence for extensive parallelism but divergent genomic architecture of adaptation along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients in Populus trichocarpa. New Phytologist, 209:1240–1251.
- Huntley, B., Berry, P., Cramer, W., McDonald, A. P., 1995: Modelling present and potential future ranges of some European higher plants using climate response surfaces. Journal of Biogeography, 22:967–1001.
- IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. In: Pachauri, R. K., Meyer, L. A. (eds.): Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, IPCC, 151 p.
- Iverson, L. R., Schwartz, M. W., Prasad, A. M., 2004: How fast and far might tree species migrate in the eastern United States due to climate change? Global Ecology and Biogeography, 13:209–219.
- Jermstad, K. D., Bassoni, D. L., Wheeler, N. C., Anekonda, T. S., Aitken, S. N., Adams, W. T. et al., 2001: Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling adaptive traits in coastal Douglas-fir. II. Spring and fall cold-hardiness. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102:1152–1158.
- Johnsen, Ø., Daehlen, O.G., Østreng, G., Skrøppa, T., 2005: Daylength and temperature during seed production interactively affect adaptive performance of Picea abies progenies. New Phytologist, 168:589–596.
- Kapeller, S., Lexer, M.J., Geburek, T., Hiebl, J., Schueler, S., 2012: Intraspecific variation in climate response of Norway spruce in the eastern Alpine range: selecting appropriate provenances for future climate. Forest Ecology and Management, 271:46–57.
- Konnert, M., Fady, B., Gömöry, D., A´Hara, S., Wolter, F., Ducci, F. et al., 2015: Use and transfer of forest reproductive material in Europe in the context of climate change. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN). Rome, Bioversity International, 75 + xvi p.
- Kramer, K., Liesebach, M., Lorent, A., Ducousso, A., Gömöry, D., Hansen, J. et al., 2017: Chilling and forcing requirements for foliage bud burst of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) differ between provenances and are phenotypically plastic. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 234:172–184.
- Kremer, A., Ronce, O., Robledo-Arnuncio, J. J., Guillaume, F., Bohrer, G., Nathan, R. et al., 2012: Long-distance gene flow and adaptation of forest trees to rapid climate change. Ecology Letters, 15:378–392.
- Lefèvre, F., Boivin, T., Bontemps, A., Courbet, F., Davi, H., Durand-Gillmann, M. et al., 2014: Considering evolutionary processes in adaptive forestry. Annals of Forest Science, 71:723–739.
- Lind, B. M., Menon, M., Bolte, C. E., Faske, T. M., Eckert, A. J., 2018: The genomics of local adaptation in trees: are we out of the woods yet? Tree Genetics and Genomes 14:art.29.
- Lindgren, D., Paule, L., Shen, X.-H., Yazdani, R., Segerström, U., Wallin, J. E. et al., 1995: Can viable pollen carry scots pine genes over long distances? Grana 34:64–69.
- Lindtke, D., Buerkle, C. A., Barbara, T., Heinze, B., Castiglione, S., Bartha, D. et al., 2012: Recombinant hybrids retain heterozygosity at many loci: new insights into the genomics of reproductive isolation in Populus. Molecular Ecology, 21:5042–5058.
- Matthews, J. D., 1989: Sylvicultural Systems. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 284 p.
- Mátyás, C., 1994: Modeling climate change effects with provenance test data. Tree Physiology, 14:797–804.
- Mátyás, C., 1996: Climatic adaptation of trees: Rediscovering provenance tests. Euphytica, 92:45–54
- Mátyás, C., 2007. What do feld trials tell about the future use of forest reproductive material? In: Koskela, J., Buck, A., Teissier du Cros, E. (eds.): Climate change and forest genetic diversity: Implications for sustainable forest management in Europe. Rome, Bioversity International, p. 53–69.
- Messier, C., Bauhus, J., Doyon, F., Maure, F., Sousa-Silva, R., Noler, P. et al., 2019: The functional complex network approach to foster forest resilience to global changes. Forest Ecosystems, 6:art.21.
- Montwe, D., Isaac-Renton, M., Hamann, A., Spiecker, H., 2018: Cold adaptation recorded in tree rings highlights risks associated with climate change and assisted migration. Nature Communications, 9:art.1574.
- Neale, D. B., Kremer, A., 2011: Forest tree genomics: growing resources and applications. Nature Reviews Genetics, 12:111–122.
- Nicotra, A. B., Atkin, O. K., Bonser, S. P., Davidson, A. M., Finnegan, E. J., Mathesius, U. et al., 2010: Plant phenotypic plasticity in a changing climate. Trends in Plant Science, 15:684–692.
- O’Hara, K. L., 2016: What is close-to-nature silviculture in a changing world? Forestry 89:1–6.
- Pigliucci, M., Murren, C. J., Schlichting, C. D., 2006: Phenotypic plasticity and evolution by genetic assimilation. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209:2362–2367.
- Plomion, C., Bastien, C., Bogeat-Triboulot, M. B., Bouffier, L., Dejardin, A., Duplessis, S. et al., 2016: Forest tree genomics: 10 achievements from the past 10 years and future prospects. Annals of Forest Science, 73:77–103.
- ProSilva, 2012: ProSilva principles. Available online at https://www.prosilva.org/fileadmin/prosilva/3_Close_to_Nature_Forestry/01_ProSilva_Principles/Pro_Silva_Principles_2012.pdf, accessed 10 April 2020.
- Puettmann, K. J., Coates, D., Messier, C., 2009 A critique of silviculture. Managing for complexity. Washington, Island Press, 189 p.
- Rehfeldt, G. E., Ying, C. C., Spittlehouse, D. L., Hamilton, D. A., 1999: Genetic responses to climate in Pinus contorta: niche breadth, climate change, and reforestation. Ecological Monographs, 69:375–407.
- Ripple, W. J., Wolf, C., Newsome, T. M., Barnard, P., Moomaw, W. M., 2019: World scientists’ warning of a climate emergency. BioScience, 70:8–12.
- Savolainen, O., Pyhäjärvi, T., Knürr, T., 2007: Gene flow and local adaptation in trees. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 38:595–619.
- Schlichting, C. D., Smith, H., 2002: Phenotypic plasticity: linking molecular mechanisms with evolutionary outcomes. Evolutionary Ecology, 16:189–211.
- Schütz, J.-P., Saniga, M., Diaci, J., Vrška, T., 2016: Comška, T., 2016: Com-ka, T., 2016: Comparing close-to-nature silviculture with processes in pristine forests: lessons from Central Europe. Annals of Forest Science, 73:911–921.
- Silvestro, R., Rossi, S., Zhang, S. K., Froment, I., Huang, J. G., Saracino, A., 2019: From phenology to forest management: Ecotypes selection can avoid early or late frosts, but not both. Forest Ecology and Management, 436:21–26.
- Skrøppa, T., 1994: Growth rhythm and hardiness of Picea abies progenies of high-altitude parents from seed produced at low elevations. Silvae Genetica, 43:95–100.
- Skrøppa, T., Tollefsrud, M. M., Sperisen, C., Johnsen, O., 2009: Rapid change in adaptive performance from one generation to the next in Picea abies – Central European trees in a Nordic environment. Tree Genetics and Genomes, 6:93–99.
- Smouse, P. E., Dyer, R. J., Westfall, R. D., Sork, V. L., 2001: Two-generation analysis of pollen flow across a landscape. I. Male gamete heterogeneity among females. Evolution, 55:260–271.
- Spathelf, P., Bolte, A., van der Maaten, E., 2015: Is Close-to-Nature Silviculture (CNS) an adequate concept to adapt forests to climate change. Landbauforschung, 65:161–170.
- Sthultz, C. M., Gehring, C. A., Whitham, T. G., 2009: Deadly combination of genes and drought: increased mortality of herbivore-resistant trees in a foundation species. Global Change Biology, 15:1949–1961.
- St-Laurent, G. P., Hagerman, S., Kozak, R. 2018: What risks matter? Public views about assisted migration and other climate-adaptive reforestation strategies. Climatic Change, 151:573–587.
- Valladares, F., Sanchez-Gomez, D., Zavala, M. A., 2006: Quantitative estimation of phenotypic plasticity: bridging the gap between the evolutionary concept and its ecological applications. Journal of Ecology, 94:1103–1116.
- Williams, M. I., Dumroese, R. K., 2013: Preparing for climate change: forestry and assisted migration. Journal of Forestry, 111:287–297.
- Woodall, C. W., Oswalt, C. M., Westfall, J. A., Perry, C. H., Nelson, M. D., Finley, A. O., 2009: An indicator of tree migration in forests of the eastern United States. Forest Ecology and Management, 257:1434–1444.
- Wortemann, R., Herbette, S., Barigah, T. S., Fumanal, B., Alia, R., Ducousso, A. et al., 2011: Genotypic variability and phenotypic plasticity of cavitation resistance in Fagus sylvatica L. across Europe. Tree Physiology, 31:1175–1182.