General information of patients with hearing-impaired tumors (N = 116)_
| Variable | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Female | 64 | 55.17 |
| Male | 52 | 44.83 |
| Age (years) | ||
| 30–40 | 8 | 6.9 |
| 40–50 | 42 | 36.21 |
| 50–60 | 66 | 56.9 |
| Education level | ||
| Primary and below | 24 | 20.69 |
| Junior high school | 56 | 48.28 |
| High school or junior college | 21 | 18.1 |
| College and above | 15 | 12.93 |
| Residence | ||
| Countryside | 69 | 59.48 |
| Cities and towns | 47 | 40.52 |
| Tumor stage | ||
| Phase T1 | 72 | 62.07 |
| Phase TI.I. | 44 | 37.93 |
| Family economic status | ||
| Particular difficulty | 26 | 22.41 |
| General difficulties | 71 | 61.21 |
| Not difficult | 19 | 16.38 |
| Disability type | ||
| Hearing only | 78 | 67.24 |
| Listening plus language | 38 | 32.76 |
| Disability level | ||
| Level 1 | 59 | 50.86 |
| Level 2 | 45 | 38.79 |
| Level 3 | 8 | 6.9 |
| Level 4 | 4 | 3.42 |
| Hearing loss duration | ||
| Congenital deafness | 64 | 55.17 |
| Acquired deafness | 52 | 44.83 |
| Rehabilitation training received | ||
| Yes | 79 | 68.1 |
| No | 37 | 31.9 |
| Use of assistive devices | ||
| Hearing aid | 53 | 45.69 |
| Cochlear implant | 12 | 10.34 |
| Hearing aids and cochlear implants | 6 | 5.17 |
| None | 45 | 38.79 |
| Aphasia status | ||
| No aphasia | 69 | 59.48 |
| Aphasia | 47 | 40.52 |
| Communication mode | ||
| Both sign language and written communication | 53 | 45.69 |
| Textual communication | 28 | 24.14 |
| S.L.E. | 17 | 14.66 |
| Seldom communicate | 18 | 15.52 |
Self-care competency scores for deaf tumor patients (x ± s)_
| Dimension | Score (x ± s) | Low level | Mid-level | High level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of examples | Percentage (%) | Number of examples | Percentage (%) | Number of examples | Percentage (%) | ||
| Total ESCA score | 99.55 ± 19.53 | 2 | 1.72 | 76 | 65.52 | 38 | 32.76 |
| Self-concept | 17.15 ± 3.29 | 5 | 4.31 | 81 | 69.83 | 30 | 25.86 |
| Responsibility for self-care | 12.88 ± 4.09 | 9 | 7.76 | 72 | 62.07 | 35 | 30.17 |
| Self-care skills | 26.34 ± 5.98 | 5 | 4.31 | 75 | 64.66 | 36 | 31.03 |
| Level of health literacy | 43.18 ± 6.17 | 3 | 2.59 | 59 | 50.86 | 54 | 46.55 |
Multivariate regression analysis of self-care ability in deaf cancer patients_
| Model | Regression coefficient | Standard error | Standardized regression coefficient | t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 135.676 | 11.499 | — | 11.987 | 0.000** |
| Duration of hearing loss | –6.179 | 2.696 | –0.150 | –2.236 | 0.026* |
| Situation of studying in regular schools | –7.872 | 2.598 | –1.83 | –3.145 | 0.029** |
| Hearing status of parents | –4.359 | 1.841 | –0.152 | –2.336 | 0.023* |
| Communication method with parents | –5.248 | 1.501 | –0.241 | –3.612 | 0.099** |
| family economic situation | 2.694 | 1.172 | 0.149 | 2.410 | 0.021* |
| Total score of perceived social support | 0.259 | 0.129 | 0.129 | 2.122 | 0.042* |
Univariate analysis of self-care competence in patients with hearing-impaired tumors (x ± s)_
| Variant | Self-care competency score | F-value | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 2.335 | 0.13 | |
| Female | 102.23 ± 19.88 | ||
| Male | 96.64 ± 19.37 | ||
| Age (years) | 0.019 | 0.531 | |
| 30–50 | 102.85 ± 19.89 | ||
| 50–60 | 100.57 ± 18.89 | ||
| Residence | 54.379 | <0.001 | |
| Countryside | 94.46 ± 18.36 | ||
| Cities and towns | 115.28 ± 13.79 | ||
| Disability type | 0.839 | 0.303 | |
| Hearing only | 99.75 ± 18.79 | ||
| Hearing plus language | 103.67 ± 19.89 | ||
| Disability level | 0.365 | 0.587 | |
| Level 1 | 98.76 ± 19.65 | ||
| Level 2 | 104.27 ± 17.65 | ||
| Level 3 | 105.39 ± 24.56 | ||
| Level 4 | 101.34 ± 15.43 | ||
| Hearing loss duration | 31.247 | <0.01 | |
| Congenital deafness | 94.18 ± 17.49 | ||
| Acquired deafness | 104.89 ± 16.98 | ||
| Rehabilitation training received | 1.03 | 0.185 | |
| Be | 103.18 ± 19.83 | ||
| Clogged | 97.98 ± 18.98 | ||
| Use of assistive devices | 1.498 | 0.232 | |
| Hearing aid | 101.88 ± 18.01 | ||
| Cochlear implant | 108.47 ± 20.12 | ||
| Hearing aids and cochlear implants | 111.43 ± 20.19 | ||
| Not have | 96.78 ± 21.35 | ||
| Aphasia | 30.896 | <0.001 | |
| Noaphasia | 115.56 ± 18.03 | ||
| Have loss of speech (e.g., as a result of brain damage) | 95.23 ± 17.79 | ||
| Communication mode | 21.893 | <0.05 | |
| Both sign language and written communication | 105.88 ± 14.19 | ||
| Textual communication | 106.14 ± 16.79 | ||
| S.L.E. | 128.87 ± 16.76 | ||
| Seldom communicate | 86.79 ± 18.47 | ||
| Family economic difficulty level | 9.654 | <0.001 | |
| Yes, it is challenging. | 86.54 ± 19.38 | ||
| Yes, difficult. | 106.48 ± 18.36 | ||
| Yes, general difficulties | 99.95 ± 16.51 | ||
| Clogged | 115.42 ± 17.69 | ||
| Perceived social support level | 17.698 | <0.001 | |
| High level | 112.34 ± 15.49 | ||
| Mid-level | 93.21 ± 19.03 | ||
| Low level | 78.32 ± 0.03 |
Comprehension social support scores for deaf tumor patients (x ± s)_
| Dimension | Min | Max | Score (x ± s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total score for level of social support for comprehension | 27 | 78 | 58.14 ± 9.32 |
| Family support | 9 | 29 | 21.37 ± 4.12 |
| Friends support | 5 | 28 | 18.34 ± 3.97 |
| Other support | 8 | 26 | 18.43 ± 4.01 |
List of statistical methods in this study_
| Analysis type | Statistical method |
|---|---|
| Measurement data | Mean ± standard deviation |
| Count data | Frequency and percentage |
| Univariate analysis of general data that follow a normal distribution and have homoscedasticity on self-care ability | Independent samples t-test and |
| Multivariate analysis of self-care ability and influencing factors among students with hearing impairments | Multiple linear regression analysis |