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Nursing management for ICANS of CAR T-cell therapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia† Cover

Nursing management for ICANS of CAR T-cell therapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia†

Open Access
|Jan 2026

Figures & Tables

Table 1.

Nursing procedures for ICANS.

VarietyItems
Pre-ICANS care
Nurse preparation
  • □ Know the latest research progress and guidelines

  • □ Understand the patient’s condition as deeply as possible

  • □ Rescue equipment in standby state

  • □ CAR T-cell therapy-related training

Communication with patients
  • □ Introduce the presentation, identification, and management of ICANS to patients

  • □ To communicate with the patients and their families as much as possible

Relevant evaluation and baseline data collection
  • □ Do the ICE score for patients as basic data

  • □ ICANS risk factor observation table

  • □ Evaluate the psychological status

  • □ Administration of antiepileptic drugs

  • □ Personalized nursing plans

During-ICANS care
  • □ ICE score

Symptomatic treatment of ICANS
  • □ Correct and timely administration

  • □ Report the condition timely to the doctor

  • □ Keep records

  • □ Dietary nursing interventions

Management of other complications
  • □ Activity care

  • □ Round-the-clock monitoring

  • □ Safety care

  • □ Nursing of other complications

Post-ICANS care
Continue to pay attention to the follow-up of the patient
  • □ Follow-up of toxicities

Reflect on the areas that still need improvement in the whole process
  • □ Keep an eye on the potential side effects

  • □ Distribute symptoms and contact cards

1 Note: ICANS, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxic syndrome; ICE, Immune Effector Cell-Associated Encephalopathy.

Table 2.

Knowledge reserve checklist for nurses before nursing ICANS.

  • □ The latest ICANS management guideline

  • □ The latest clinical reports and important articles

  • □ ICANS gradings

  • □ Symptoms of ICANS

  • □ Drugs to treat ICANS, including usage and dosage

  • □ Assessment tools for ICANS

  • □ The use of instruments and equipment for ICANS management

  • □ Emergency plan for ICANS complications

  • □ Nursing of other complications

1 Note: ICANS, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxic syndrome.

Table 3.

ICE score.

VarietyItemsPointMaximum points
OrientationYear1
Month1
City1
Hospital1
NamingObject 1 (e.g. clock)1
Object 2 (e.g. pen)1
Object 3 (e.g. button)1
Following CommandsAbility to follow a simple command (e.g. “Show me 2 fingers” or “Close your eyes and stick out your tongue”)1
WritingAbility to write a standard sentence (e.g. “Our national bird is the bald eagle”)1
AttentionAbility to count backward from 100 by 101
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2025-0046 | Journal eISSN: 2544-8994 | Journal ISSN: 2097-5368
Language: English
Page range: 415 - 422
Submitted on: Dec 24, 2024
Accepted on: Feb 25, 2025
Published on: Jan 27, 2026
Published by: Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2026 Hui-Yao Yang, Jing-Jing Jin, Qian-Qian Zhang, Yan-Xia Liu, Ying Wang, Zhi-Xin Wang, Jun-Ping Zhang, Wen-Jun Xie, published by Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.