Have a personal or library account? Click to login

From fear to triumph: empowering children to overcome anxiety in day surgery: a mini review

Open Access
|Sep 2025

References

  1. Lerwick JL. Minimizing pediatric healthcare-induced anxiety and trauma. World J Clin Pediatr. 2016;5:143–150.
  2. Kumar A, Das S, Chauhan S, Kiran U, Satapathy S. Perioperative anxiety and stress in children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery and their parents: effect of brief intervention-a randomized control trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2019;33:1244–1250.
  3. Ahmadipour M, Sattari H, Nejad MA. Incidence and risk factors related to anxiety of children and adolescents before elective surgery. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022;32:10449.
  4. Shih MC, Elvis PR, Nguyen SA, Brennan E, Clemmens CS. Parental presence at induction of anesthesia to reduce anxiety: a systematic research and metaanalysis. J Perianesth Nurs. 2023;38:12–20.
  5. Lööf G, Lönnqvist PA. Role of information and preparation for improvement of pediatric perioperative care. Paediatr Anaesth. 2022;32:600–608.
  6. Claus LE, Links AR, Amos J, et al. Parent experience of communication about children’s surgery: a qualitative analysis. Pediatr Qual Saf. 2021;6:e403.
  7. Meletti DP, Meletti JFA, Camargo RPS, Silva LM, Módolo NSP. Psychological preparation reduces preoperative anxiety in children. Randomized and double-blind trial. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2019;95:545–551.
  8. Fronk E, Billick SB. Pre-operative anxiety in pediatric surgery patients: multiple case study analysis with literature review. Psychiatr Q. 2020;91:1439–1451.
  9. Kumar L, Kumar A, Panikkaveetil R, Vasu BK, Rajan S, Nair SG. Efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral midazolam for paediatric premedication. Indian J Anaesth. 2017;61:125–130.
  10. Bromfalk Å, Myrberg T, Walldén J, Engström Å, Hultin M. Preoperative anxiety in preschool children: a randomized clinical trial comparing midazolam, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine. Paediatr Anaesth. 2021;31:1225–1233.
  11. Getahun AB, Endalew NS, Mersha AT, Admass BA. Magnitude and factors associated with preoperative anxiety among pediatric patients: cross-sectional study. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2020;11:485–494.
  12. Blount RL, Piira T, Cohen LL. Management of pediatric pain and distress due to medical procedures. In MC Roberts (Ed.), Handbook of Pediatric Psychology (3rd ed., pp. 216–233). The Guilford Press;2003.
  13. Chorney JM, Torrey C, Blount R, McLaren CE, Chen WP, Kain ZN. Healthcare provider and parent behavior and children’s coping and distress at anesthesia induction. Anesthesiology. 2009;111:1290–1296.
  14. Fortier MA, Blount RL, Wang SM, Mayes LC, Kain ZN. Analysing a family-centred preoperative intervention programme: a dismantling approach. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106:713–718.
  15. Lin CJ, Liu HP, Wang PY, et al. The effectiveness of preoperative preparation for improving perioperative outcomes in children and caregivers. Behav Modif. 2019;43:311–329.
  16. Wakimizu R, Kamagata S, Kuwabara T, Kamibeppu K. A randomized controlled trial of an at-home preparation programme for Japanese preschool children: effects on children’s and caregivers’ anxiety associated with surgery. J Eval Clin Pract. 2009;15:393–401.
  17. Pasek TA, Burns C, Treble-Barna A, et al. Important outcomes for parents of critically Ill children. Crit Care Nurse. 2019;39:74–79.
  18. Bailey KM, Bird SJ, McGrath PJ, Chorney JE. Preparing parents to be present for their child’s anesthesia induction: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2015;121:1001–1010.
  19. Nallani R, Fox CC, Sykes KJ, et al. Pain management and education for ambulatory surgery: a qualitative study of perioperative nurses. J Surg Res. 2021;260:419–427.
  20. Rosenfeld RM, Tunkel DE, Schwartz SR, et al. Executive summary of clinical practice guideline on tympanostomy tubes in children (Update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;166:189–206.
  21. Hug M, Tönz M, Kaiser G. Parental stress in paediatric day-case surgery. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005;21:94–99. 1
  22. Twycross A, Finley GA, Latimer M. Pediatric nurses’ postoperative pain management practices: an observational study. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2013;18:189–201.
  23. Twycross A. Nurses’ views about the barriers and facilitators to effective management of pediatric pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2013;14:e164–e172.
  24. Mitchell M. Influence of gender and anaesthesia type on day surgery anxiety. J Adv Nurs. 2012;68:1014–1025.
  25. Krohne HW, Slangen KE. Influence of social support on adaptation to surgery. Health Psychol. 2005;24:101–105.
  26. Leong KJ, Roberts GJ, Ashley PF. Perioperative local anaesthetic in young paediatric patients undergoing extractions under outpatient ‘short-case’ general anaesthesia. A double-blind randomised controlled trial. Br Dent J. 2007;203:E11–E335.
  27. Fraczyk L, Godfrey H. Perceived levels of satisfaction with the preoperative assessment service experienced by patients undergoing general anaesthesia in a day surgery setting. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(19–20):2849–2859.
  28. Booker PD, Chapman DH. Premedication in children undergoing day-care surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1979;51:1083–1087.
  29. Wang R, Huang X, Wang Y, Akbari M. Non-pharmacologic approaches in preoperative anxiety, a comprehensive review. Front Public Health. 2022;10:854673.
  30. Rajeswari SR, Chandrasekhar R, Vinay C, Uloopi KS, RojaRamya KS, Ramesh MV. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral play therapy and audiovisual distraction for management of preoperative anxiety in children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;12:419–422.
  31. Nair T, Choo CSC, Abdullah NS, et al. Home-initiated-programme-to-prepare-for-operation: evaluating the effect of an animation video on perioperative anxiety in children: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021;38:880–887.
  32. Proczkowska-Björklund M, Svedin CG. Child related background factors affecting compliance with induction of anaesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004;14:225–234.
  33. Wright KD, Stewart SH, Finley GA, Buffett-Jerrott SE. Prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate preoperative anxiety in children: a critical review. Behav Modif. 2007;31:52–79.
  34. Kain ZN, Caramico LA, Mayes LC, Genevro JL, Bornstein MH, Hofstadter MB. Preoperative preparation programs in children: a comparative examination. Anesth Analg. 1998;87:1249–1255.
  35. Chorney JM, Tan ET, Martin SR, Fortier MA, Kain ZN. Children’s behavior in the postanesthesia care unit: the development of the Child Behavior Coding System-PACU (CBCS-P). J Pediatr Psychol. 2012;37:338–347.
  36. Chorney JM, Kain ZN. Behavioral analysis of children’s response to induction of anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 2009;109:1434–1440.
  37. Davidson AJ, Shrivastava PP, Jamsen K, et al. Risk factors for anxiety at induction of anesthesia in children: a prospective cohort study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006;16:919–927.
  38. Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Karas DE, McClain BC. Preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and behavioral recovery in young children undergoing surgery. Pediatrics. 2006;118:651–658.
  39. Li HC, Lam HY. Paediatric day surgery: impact on Hong Kong Chinese children and their parents. J Clin Nurs. 2003;12:882–887.
  40. Caldwell-Andrews AA, Kain ZN. Psychological predictors of postoperative sleep in children undergoing outpatient surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006;16:144–151.
  41. Palermo TM, Tripi PA, Burgess E. Parental presence during anaesthesia induction for outpatient surgery of the infant. Paediatr Anaesth. 2000;10: 487–491.
  42. Vessey JA, Bogetz MS, Caserza CL, Liu KR, Cassidy MD. Parental upset associated with participation in induction of anaesthesia in children. Can J Anaesth. 1994;41:276–280.
  43. Kain ZN, Maclaren J, Weinberg M, Huszti H, Anderson C, Mayes L. How many parents should we let into the operating room? Paediatr Anaesth. 2009;19:244–249.
  44. Kam PC, Voss TJ, Gold PD, Pitkin J. Behaviour of children associated with parental participation during induction of general anaesthesia. J Paediatr Child Health. 1998;34:29–31.
  45. Denman WT, Tuason PM, Ahmed MI, Brennen LM, Cepeda MS, Carr DB. The PediSedate device, a novel approach to pediatric sedation that provides distraction and inhaled nitrous oxide: clinical evaluation in a large case series. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007;17:162–166.
  46. Golden L, Pagala M, Sukhavasi S, Nagpal D, Ahmad A, Mahanta A. Giving toys to children reduces their anxiety about receiving premedication for surgery. Anesth Analg. 2006;102:1070–1072.
  47. Arai YC, Ito H, Kandatsu N, Kurokawa S, Kinugasa S, Komatsu T. Parental presence during induction enhances the effect of oral midazolam on emergence behavior of children undergoing general anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007;51:858–861.
  48. Cuzzocrea F, Gugliandolo MC, Larcan R, Romeo C, Turiaco N, Dominici T. A psychological preoperative program: effects on anxiety and cooperative behaviors. Paediatr Anaesth. 2013;23:139–143.
  49. Quemby DJ, Stocker ME. Day surgery development and practice: key factors for a successful pathway. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2014;14:256–261.
  50. Bucx MJ, Krijtenburg P, Kox M. Preoperative use of anxiolytic-sedative agents; are we on the right track? J Clin Anesth. 2016;33:135–140.
  51. Harsoor S. Changing concepts in anaesthesia for day care surgery. Indian J Anaesth. 2010;54:485–488.
  52. Levy N, Mills P, Mythen M. Is the pursuit of DREAM-ing (drinking, eating and mobilising) the ultimate goal of anaesthesia? Anaesthesia. 2016;71: 1008–1012.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2025-0031 | Journal eISSN: 2544-8994 | Journal ISSN: 2097-5368
Language: English
Page range: 287 - 292
Submitted on: Sep 26, 2024
Accepted on: Nov 14, 2024
Published on: Sep 25, 2025
Published by: Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Alaa Ramadan, Heba Aboeldahab, Amr Elrosasy, Basma Badrawy Khalefa, Abdelrahman M. Elettreby, Amogh Verma, Mohamed E. Almalki, published by Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.