Figure 1.
Spearman’s rho correlation between SI, empathy, and self-esteem (N = 465)
| Spearman’s rho | Empathy | Self-esteem | SI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Empathy | 1 | ||
| 2. Self-esteem | −0.101*(0.030) | 1 | |
| 3. SI | 0.315** (<0.001) | −0.066 | 1 |
Description of the subscale of SI (N = 465)_
| Tromso Social Intelligence Subscales | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIP | 15 | 49 | 36.07 | 6.2 |
| SS | 10 | 46 | 29.87 | 5.2 |
| SA | 8 | 45 | 26.03 | 6.25 |
Association between SI, empathy, self-esteem, and year of study using Kruskal–Wallis (N = 465)_
| Variables | Year of study | f | Mean rank | H (df) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SI | 14.179 (3) | 0.003 | |||
| 1 | 196 | 225.25 | |||
| 2 | 131 | 261.69 | |||
| 3 | 111 | 203.52 | |||
| 4 | 27 | 271.3 | |||
| Empathy | 18.422 (3) | 0.001 | |||
| 1 | 196 | 217.9 | |||
| 2 | 131 | 270.73 | |||
| 3 | 111 | 207.3 | |||
| 4 | 27 | 265.22 | |||
| Self-esteem | 19.148 (3) | 0.001 | |||
| 1 | 196 | 202.56 | |||
| 2 | 131 | 264.85 | |||
| 3 | 111 | 243.69 | |||
| 4 | 27 | 255.5 |
Mann–Whitney test showing the association between the variables and gender (N = 465)_
| S. No. | Variables | Gender | f | Mean rank | U | Z | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SI | Male | 64 | 233.35 | 12,691.5 | −0.141 | 0.888 |
| Female | 401 | 230.80 | |||||
| 2 | Empathy | Male | 64 | 213.64 | 11,593 | −1.241 | 0.214 |
| Female | 401 | 236.09 | |||||
| 3 | Self-esteem | Male | 64 | 254.39 | 11,463 | −1.381 | 0.167 |
| Female | 401 | 229.59 |
Mann–Whitney U test showing the association between the TSIS subscales and demographics (gender and age) (N = 465)_
| Variables | TSIS subcategories and category | N | Mean rank | U | Z | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||||
| SI processing | 3325 | −2.225 | 0.026 | |||
| 18–21 | 444 | 236.01 | ||||
| 22–25 | 21 | 169.33 | ||||
| SS | 3457 | −2.007 | 0.045 | |||
| 18–21 | 444 | 235.71 | ||||
| 22–25 | 21 | 175.62 | ||||
| SA | 4216 | −0.742 | 0.458 | |||
| 18–21 | 444 | 234 | ||||
| 22–25 | 21 | 211.76 | ||||
| Gender | ||||||
| SI processing | 12,452.5 | −0.381 | 0.703 | |||
| Female | 401 | 233.95 | ||||
| Male | 64 | 227.07 | ||||
| SS | 14,813 | 1.989 | 0.047 | |||
| Female | 401 | 228.06 | ||||
| Male | 64 | 263.96 | ||||
| SA | 13,639.5 | 0.81 | 0.418 | |||
| Female | 401 | 230.99 | ||||
| Male | 64 | 245.62 |
Description of Demographic characteristics in frequency and percentage (N = 465)_
| Demographic characteristics | f | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| 18–21 | 444 | 95.5 |
| 22–25 | 21 | 4.5 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 64 | 13.8 |
| Female | 401 | 86.2 |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu | 155 | 33.3 |
| Christian | 293 | 63 |
| Muslim | 14 | 3 |
| Jew | 1 | 0.2 |
| Buddhist | 2 | 0.4 |
| Year of study | ||
| I year | 196 | 42.2 |
| II year | 131 | 28.2 |
| III year | 111 | 23.9 |
| IV year | 27 | 5.8 |
| Monthly household income (rupees) | ||
| 199,862 | 460 | 98.9 |
| 99,931–199,861 | 2 | 0.4 |
| 74,756–99,930 | 2 | 0.4 |
| 49,962–74,755 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Type of family | ||
| Nuclear | 387 | 83.2 |
| Joint | 74 | 15.9 |
| Extended | 4 | 0.9 |
| Education of father | ||
| Primary | 8 | 1.7 |
| Secondary | 186 | 40 |
| Higher Secondary | 99 | 21.3 |
| Diploma | 44 | 9.5 |
| Degree | 93 | 20 |
| Post-graduation | 29 | 6.2 |
| PhD and above | 5 | 1.1 |
| Uneducated | 1 | 0.2 |
| Education of mother | ||
| Primary | 6 | 1.3 |
| Secondary | 148 | 31.8 |
| Higher Secondary | 127 | 27.3 |
| Diploma | 39 | 8.4 |
| Degree | 97 | 20.9 |
| Post-graduation | 44 | 9.5 |
| PhD and above | 2 | 0.4 |
| Uneducated | 2 | 0.4 |
| Area of living | ||
| Urban | 108 | 23.2 |
| Rural | 357 | 76.8 |
| Languages spoken | ||
| 1–2 | 339 | 72.9 |
| >2 | 126 | 27.1 |