Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Nutritional status and feeding characteristics of children admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at the pediatric ward of MTUTH, Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 591)_
| Characteristics | Total, N (%) | Outcome variable, N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Censored, N = 50 | Recovered, N = 541 | ||
| WFA | |||
| Normal | 509 (86.13) | 41 (8.1) | 468 (91.9) |
| Underweight | 82 (13.87) | 9 (11.0) | 73 (89.0) |
| WFH | |||
| Normal | 497 (84.09) | 41 (8.2) | 456 (91.8) |
| Wasted | 94 (15.91) | 9 (9.6) | 85 (90.4) |
| HFA | |||
| Normal | 492 (83.25) | 36 (7.3) | 456 (92.7) |
| Stunted | 99 (16.75) | 14 (14.1) | 85 (85.9) |
| Mode of infant feeding | |||
| Breast milk | 379 (64.13) | 33 (8.7) | 346 (91.3) |
| Formula | 30 (5.08) | 2 (6.7) | 28 (93.3) |
| Cow milk | 182 (30.80) | 15 (8.2) | 167 (91.8) |
| Exclusive breastfeeding | |||
| Yes | 397 (67.17) | 37 (9.3) | 360 (90.7) |
| No | 194 (32.83) | 13 (6.7) | 181 (93.3) |
Clinical and therapeutic regimen characteristics of children admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at the pediatric ward of MTUTH, Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 591)_
| Characteristics | Total, N (%) | Outcome variable, N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Censored, N = 50 | Recovered, N = 541 | ||
| Danger sign during admission | |||
| No | 115 (19.46) | 2 (1.7) | 113 (98.3) |
| Yes | 476 (80.54) | 48 (10.1) | 428 (89.9) |
| Hypoxia during admission | |||
| No | 343 (58.04) | 5 (1.5) | 338 (98.5) |
| Yes | 248 (41.96) | 45 (18.1) | 203 (81.9) |
| Fever during admission | |||
| No | 209 (35.36) | 19 (9.1) | 190 (90.9) |
| Yes | 382 (64.64) | 31 (8.1) | 351 (91.9) |
| Respiratory distress | |||
| No | 187 (31.64) | 4 (2.1) | 183 (97.9) |
| Yes | 404 (68.36) | 46 (11.4) | 358 (88.6) |
| Vomiting everything | |||
| No | 483 (81.73) | 36 (7.5) | 447 (92.5) |
| Yes | 108 (18.27) | 14 (13.0) | 94 (87.0) |
| Altered consciousness | |||
| No | 539 (91.20) | 31 (5.8) | 508 (94.2) |
| Yes | 52 (8.80) | 19 (36.5) | 33 (63.5) |
| Inability to breastfeeding or drink | |||
| No | 363 (61.42) | 9 (2.5) | 354 (97.5) |
| Yes | 228 (38.58) | 41 (18.0) | 187 (82.0) |
| Abnormal body movement/convulsion | |||
| No | 589 (99.66) | 48 (8.1) | 541 (91.9) |
| Yes | 2 (0.34) | 2 (100.0) | - |
| Antibiotic first given | |||
| Ceftriaxone | 338 (57.19) | 29 (8.6) | 309 (91.4) |
| Crystalline penicillin | 45 (7.61) | 2 (4.4) | 43 (95.6) |
| Ampicillin and gentamicin | 208 (35.19) | 19 (9.1) | 189 (90.9) |
| Antibiotic change after admission | |||
| No | 267 (45.18) | 12 (4.5) | 255 (95.5) |
| Yes | 324 (54.82) | 38 (11.7) | 286 (88.3) |
| Co-morbidity | |||
| No | 395 (66.84) | 32 (8.1) | 363 (91.9) |
| Yes | 196 (33.16) | 18 (9.2) | 178 (90.8) |
| Birth weight during birth (g) | |||
| <2500 | 61 (10.32) | 4 (6.6) | 57 (93.4) |
| >2500 | 530 (89.68) | 46 (8.7) | 484 (91.3) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | |||
| <37 | 84 (14.21) | 8 (9.5) | 76 (90.5) |
| 37–42 | 507 (85.79) | 42 (8.3) | 465 (91.7) |
| Presentation to seek care (days) | |||
| 5 | 203 (34.35) | 32 (15.8) | 171 (84.2) |
| <5 | 388 (65.65) | 18 (4.6) | 370 (95.4) |
Socio-demographic characteristics of children admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at the pediatric ward of MTUTH, Ethiopia, 2022 (N = 591)_
| Characteristics | Total, N (%) | Outcome variable, N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Censored, N = 50 | Recovered, N = 541 | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 359 (60.74) | 18 (5.0) | 341 (95.0) |
| Female | 232 (39.26) | 32 (13.8) | 200 (86.2) |
| Age (years) | |||
| <1 | 308 (52.12) | 33 (10.7) | 275 (89.3) |
| 1–5 | 170 (28.76) | 9 (5.3) | 161 (94.7) |
| 5–14 | 113 (19.12) | 8 (7.1) | 105 (92.9) |
| Residency | |||
| Urban | 211 (35.70) | 11 (5.2) | 200 (94.8) |
| Rural | 380 (64.30) | 39 (10.3) | 341 (89.7) |
Incidence rate and median recovery time of children with severe pneumonia in each age group category admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at NICU of MTUTH Hospital, Ethiopia, 2022_
| Birthweight category | Events | Total time at risk | Incidence rate/100 (95% CI) | Median recovery time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 year (n = 308) | 275 | 1224 | 22.47 (95% CI: 19.96–25.28) | 4 |
| 1–5 years (n = 170) | 161 | 618 | 26.10 (95% CI: 22.32–30.40) | 4 |
| >5 years (n = 113) | 105 | 403 | 26. 05 (95% CI: 21.52–31.54) | 3 |
Results of the bivariate and multivariable analysis of children admitted from 01 January 2019 to 30 December 2021 at the pediatric ward of the MTUTH, Ethiopia, 2022_
| Predictor | CHR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| <1 | 0.83 (0.66–1.04) | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | 0.496 |
| 1–5 | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | 0.96 (0.74–1.24) | 0.754 |
| >5 | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Respiratory distress | |||
| No | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 0.81 (0.68–0.97) | 0.95 (0.78–1.17) | 0.642 |
| Vomiting everything | |||
| No | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.84 (0.67–1.06) | 0.142 |
| Antibiotic changed | |||
| No | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 0.89 (0.76–1.06) | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | 0.148 |
| Infant feeding | |||
| Breast milk | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Formula | 1.65 (1.12–2.44) | 1.29 (0.81–2.03) | 0.279 |
| Cow milk | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) | 0.81 (0.64–1.04) | 0.102 |
| Exclusive Breastfeeding | |||
| Yes | 1 | 1.00 | |
| No | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) | 1.3 (1.03–1.66) | 0.025* |
| Altered level of consciousness | |||
| No | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 0.64 (0.45–0.92) | 0.71 (0.49–1.04) | 0.077 |
| Unable to suck | |||
| No | 1 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 0.75 (0.63–0.89) | 0.81 (0.65–0.99) | 0.048* |