Comparison of insomnia scores on the first and third measurements in the 2 groups (N = 56)_
| Assessment items | Intervention group (n = 28) | Control group (n = 28) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement | T | P | Measurement | t | P-value | |||
| 1st measurement (M ± SD) | 3rd measurement (M ± SD) | 1st measurement (M ± SD) | 3rd measurement (M ± SD) | |||||
| Sleep quality | 2.00 ± 000 | 0.93 ± 0.26 | 21.62 | <0.001 | 2.00 ± 000 | 1.96 ± 0.19 | 1.00 | 0.326 |
| Sleep latency | 2.61 ± 0.49 | 1.21 ± 0.42 | 14.82 | <0.001 | 2.75 ± 0.44 | 2.46 ± 0.58 | 2.52 | 0.018 |
| Sleep duration | 1.93 ± 0.26 | 1.46 ± 0.51 | 4.84 | <0.001 | 1.86 ± 0.45 | 1.61 ± 0.49 | 2.55 | 0.017 |
| Sleep efficiency | 2.43 ± 0.57 | 0.14 ± 0.36 | 22.63 | <0.001 | 2.36 ± 0.68 | 0.96 ± 0.43 | 9.99 | <0.001 |
| Sleep disturbance | 2.46 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 000 | 13.45 | <0.001 | 2.50 ± 0.51 | 1.89 ± 0.32 | 6.46 | <0.001 |
| Use of sleep medication | 0.21 ± 0.42 | 000 ± 000 | 2.71 | 0.011 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.26 | 1.44 | 0.161 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 2.79 ± 0.42 | 0.82 ± 0.55 | 18.04 | <0.001 | 2.89 ± 0.32 | 2.39 ± 0.49 | 5.19 | <0.001 |
Homogeneity test and distribution of participants characteristics, n (%) or M ± SD_
| Characteristics of participants | Total | Intervention group (n = 28) | Control group (n = 28) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 55.80 ± 11.79 | 56.46 ± 12.06 | 55.14 ± 11.71 | 0.906 |
| Sex | 0.589 | |||
| Men | 24 (42.9) | 11 (45.8) | 13 (54.2) | |
| Women | 32 (57.1) | 17 (53.1) | 15 (46.9) | |
| Recent education level | 0.491 | |||
| Bachelor’s degree | 22 (39.3) | 12 (42.9) | 10 (35.7) | |
| High school | 23 (41.1) | 9 (32.1) | 14 (50.0) | |
| Junior high school | 7 (12.5) | 4 (14.3) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Elementary school | 4 (7.1) | 3 (10.7) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Marital status | 0.962 | |||
| Married | 27 (48.2) | 14 (50.0) | 13 (46.4) | |
| Not married (widow/widower) | 25 (44.6) | 12 (42.9) | 13 (46.4) | |
| Single | 4 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) | 2 (7.1) | |
| Hemiparesis type | 0.788 | |||
| Left-sided hemiparesis | 31 (55.4) | 15 (53.6) | 16 (57.1) | |
| Right-sided hemiparesis | 25 (46.6) | 13 (46.4) | 12 (42.9) | |
| Comorbidities | 0.297 | |||
| Hypertension | 23 (41.1) | 15 (53.5) | 8 (28.6) | |
| Hypertension + DM | 17 (30.4) | 7 (25.0) | 10 (35.7) | |
| Hypertension + DM + hypercholesterolemia | 13 (23.1) | 5 (17.9) | 8 (28.6) | |
| Hypertension + DM + pneumonia | 3 (5.4) | 1 (3.6) | 2 (7.1) | |
| UI type | 0.848 | |||
| Functional | 7 (12.5) | 3 (10.7) | 4 (14.3) | |
| Mixed (functional + stress) | 19 (33.9) | 9 (32.1) | 10 (35.7) | |
| Mixed (functional + stress + urgency) | 30 (53.6) | 16 (57.1) | 14 (50.0) | |
| Level of severity UI | 0.705 | |||
| Moderate | 8 (14.3) | 5 (17.9) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Severe | 20 (35.7) | 9 (32.1) | 11 (39.3) | |
| Very severe | 28 (50.0) | 14 (50.0) | 14 (50.0) | |
| Insomnia severity | 16.34 ± 4.20 | 16.18 ± 4.30 | 16.50 ± 4.17 | 0.778 |
Differences in insomnia between measurements in the two groups (N = 56)_
| Insomnia | Intervention group (n = 28) | Control group (n = 28) | t | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M ± SD | M ± SD | |||
| 1st measurement (before intervention) | 14.11 ± 1.66 | 14.46 ± 1.75 | 0.78 | 0.438 |
| 2nd measurement (after intervention) | 10.00 ± 1.12 | 13.46 ± 1.93 | 8.19 | <0.001 |
| 3rd measurement (4 weeks after intervention) | 5.57 ± 1.03 | 11.36 ± 1.57 | 16.29 | <0.001 |