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Effects of relaxation breathing exercise on fatigue and cortisol level among Indonesian gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a pilot study†

Open Access
|Jun 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

CONSORT study flow diagram.
CONSORT study flow diagram.

Socio-demographic and medical characteristic bases (n = 33)_

VariablesIntervention (n = 17)Control (n = 16)P-value
n%n%
Age in years (mean, SD)47.068.4545.319.810.587
Educational level 1.000
    High1030.301030.30
    Low721.20618.20
Cancer type 0.656
    Ovarian412.1026.10
    Cervical1339.401442.40
Cancer stage 0.296
    Early824.201133.30
    Advanced927.30515.20
Chemo cycle 1.000
    ≤31236.401236.40
    >3515.10412.10
Regimen 1.000
    Platinum1545.501545.50
    Non-platinum26.0013.00
PFS Score day 1 (mean, SD)4.291.753.541.680.220
HADS day 1 (mean, SD)1.370.291.420.380.622

Difference in PFS and HADS mean scores within the 2 groups (n = 33)_

Variables/groupsTimeP-valueEffect size (ES)
Day 1 (pretest)Day 4Day 8 (posttest)
PFS Score (mean, SD)
Intervention (n = 17)4.29 ± 1.755.03 ± 1.993.52 ± 1.520.012*0.443
Control (n = 16)3.54 ± 1.684.65 ± 2.013.57 ± 1.900.152-
HADS Score (mean, SD)
Intervention (n = 17)1.37 ± 0.291.34 ± 0.251.28 ± 0.360.767-
Control (n = 16)1.42 ± 0.381.42 ± 0.351.46 ± 0.350.793-

Comparison of median cortisol level within and between the 2 groups (n = 33)_

VariableIntervention (n = 17)Control (n = 16)P-valuea
Median (IQR1-IQR3)Min–MaxMedian (IQR1-IQR3)Min–Max
Cortisol level
Day 10.38 (0.31–0.64)0.25–0.880.51 (0.38–0.70)0.20–2.350.15
Day 82.97 (1.26–5.18)0.39–6.912.30 (0.99–9.09)0.43–23.380.83
P-valueb0.0003* 0.001*
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2544-8994 | Journal ISSN: 2097-5368
Language: English
Page range: 201 - 208
Submitted on: Jan 20, 2024
Accepted on: Mar 23, 2024
Published on: Jun 26, 2024
Published by: Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year

© 2024 Mulhaeriah Mulhaeriah, Mohammad Syafar Sangkala, Syahrul Syahrul, Rezki Wahyuni, published by Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.