Chi-square correlation test between the mean scores of demographic data and PES 3 subscale of PES_
| Items | Low, n (%) | High, n (%) | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Manager Ability, Leadership, and Support of Staff (BPES-BTMALSS) | ||||
| Education level | 6.38 | 0.041* | ||
| Secondary | 10 (50.0) | 10 (50.0) | ||
| College/university | 51 (60.0) | 34 (40.0) | ||
| Add-on renal certificate | 33 (30.0) | 77 (70.0) | ||
| Staffs Foundations for Quality of Care (BPES-BSFQC) | ||||
| Working experience | 16.22 | 0.006* | ||
| Less than 3 months | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | ||
| 3–6 months | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | ||
| 7–11 months | 11 (47.8) | 12 (52.2) | ||
| 1–3 years | 22 (44.0) | 28 (56.0) | ||
| 4–6 years | 24 (53.3) | 21 (46.7) | ||
| > 6 years | 18 (24.0) | 57 (76.0) | ||
| Staff Participation in Haemodialysis Affairs (BPES-BSPHA) | ||||
| Working experience | 21.05 | 0.001* | ||
| Less than 3 months | 1 (11.1) | 8 (88.9) | ||
| 3–6 months | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | ||
| 7–11 months | 9 (39.1) | 14 (60.9) | ||
| 1–3 years | 28 (56.0) | 22 (44.0) | ||
| 4–6 years | 33 (73.3) | 12 (26.7) | ||
| > 6 years | 31 (41.3) | 44 (58.7) |
Correlation of PES and MSQ (chi-square test)_
| Items | Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low, n (%) | High, n (%) | |||
| Staff Participation in Haemodialysis Affairs (BPES-BSPHA) | 71.84 | 0.001* | ||
| Low | 80 (72.7) | 30 (27.3) | ||
| High | 16 (15.2) | 89 (84.8) | ||
| Staffs Foundations for Quality of Care (BPES-BSFQC) | 47.48 | 0.001* | ||
| Low | 60 (75.0) | 20 (25.0) | ||
| High | 36 (26.7) | 99 (73.3) | ||
| The Manager Ability, Leadership, and Support of Staff (BPES-BTMALSS) | 59.97 | 0.001* | ||
| Low | 76 (71.0) | 31 (29.0) | ||
| High | 20 (18.5) | 88 (81.5) | ||
| Staffing and Resource Adequacy (BPES-BSRA) | 53.73 | 0.001* | ||
| Low | 78 (67.8) | 37 (32.2) | ||
| High | 18 (18.0) | 82 (82.0) | ||
| Staffs-Doctor Relations (BPES-BSDR) | 82.17 | 0.001* | ||
| Low | 79 (76.7) | 24 (23.3) | ||
| High | 17 (15.2) | 95 (84.8) | ||
| Staff-Staff Relation (BPES-BSSR) | 71.04 | 0.001* | ||
| Low | 70 (78.7) | 19 (21.3) | ||
| High | 26 (20.6) | 100 (79.4) | ||
| Perceived Stress Scale (OPSS) | 3.49 | 0.062 | ||
| Low | 69 (49.3) | 71 (50.7) | ||
| High | 27 (36.0) | 48 (64.0) | ||
Means and SDs of the PES-NWI, MSQ, and PSS-10 (N = 215)_
| Instrument | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|
| PES-NWI: | 3.46 | 0.58 |
| Staff Participation in Haemodialysis Affairs (BPES-BSPHA) | 3.33 | 0.65 |
| Staffs Foundations for Quality of Care (BPES-BSFQC) | 3.49 | 0.59 |
| Manager Ability, Leadership, and Support of Staff (BPES-BTMALSS) | 3.43 | 0.78 |
| Staffing and Resource Adequacy (BPES-BSRA) | 3.33 | 0.70 |
| Staffs-Doctor Relations (BPES-BSDR) | 3.59 | 0.80 |
| Staff-Staff Relation (BPES-BSSR) | 3.63 | 0.86 |
| SQ | 3.26 | 0.56 |
| PSS | 2.84 | 0.63 |
Mean, level, and ranking PSS (N = 215)_
| ID | Perceived Stress Scale (DPSS) | Mean | SD | Level | Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H61 | In the last month how often you have been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly? | 2.87 | 0.86 | Moderate | 4 |
| H62 | In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life? | 2.67 | 0.96 | Moderate | 9 |
| H63 | In the last month, how often have you felt nervous and stressed? | 2.89 | 0.98 | Moderate | 3 |
| H64 | In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? | 3.19 | 1.01 | Moderate | 1 |
| H65 | In the last month, how often have you felt that things were going your way? | 3.01 | 0.92 | Moderate | 2 |
| H66 | In the last month, how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do? | 2.69 | 0.86 | Moderate | 8 |
| H67 | In the last month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life? | 2.84 | 0.97 | Moderate | 5 |
| H68 | In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things? | 2.84 | 0.91 | Moderate | 6 |
| H69 | In the last month, how often have you been angered because of things that happened that were outside of your control? | 2.75 | 0.91 | Moderate | 7 |
| H70 | In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them? | 2.67 | 0.90 | Moderate | 10 |
Demographic profile of respondents (N = 215)_
| Item | Frequency (n) | Percentage (%) | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Female | 191 | 88.8 | |
| Male | 24 | 11.2 | |
| Nationality | |||
| Malaysia | 215 | 100.0 | |
| Race | |||
| Malay | 191 | 88.8 | |
| Chinese | 2 | 0.9 | |
| Indian | 9 | 4.2 | |
| Others | 13 | 6.0 | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 153 | 71.2 | |
| Single | 62 | 28.8 | |
| Education level | |||
| Secondary | 20 | 9.3 | |
| College/university | 85 | 39.5 | |
| Add-on renal certificate | 110 | 51.2 | |
| Age (years) | 2.6 (0.708) | ||
| 20–30 | 108 | 50.2 | |
| 31–40 | 89 | 41.4 | |
| 41–50 | 13 | 6.0 | |
| ≥50 | 5 | 2.3 | |
| Working experience | 4.55 (1.426) | ||
| Less than 3 months | 9 | 4.2 | |
| 3–6 months | 13 | 6.0 | |
| 7–11 months | 23 | 10.7 | |
| 1–3 years | 50 | 23.3 | |
| 4–6 years | 45 | 20.9 | |
| >6 years | 75 | 34.9 | |
| Job title/position | |||
| Unit manager/in-charge nurse | 29 | 13.5 | |
| Staff nurse | 133 | 61.9 | |
| Medical assistant | 22 | 10.2 | |
| Dialysis assistant | 24 | 11.2 | |
| Others | 7 | 3.3 | |
| Total | 215 | 100.0 |
Correlation of education level, job title, and perceived stress (chi-square test) (N = 215)_
| Items | Perceived Stress Scale (OPSS) | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low, n (%) | High, n (%) | |||
| Gender | 1.16 | 0.281 | ||
| Female | 122 (63.9) | 69 (36.1) | ||
| Male | 18 (75.0) | 6 (25.0) | ||
| Race | 0.96 | 0.811 | ||
| Malay | 126 (66.0) | 65 (34.0) | ||
| Chinese | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | ||
| Indian | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | ||
| Others | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | ||
| Marital status | 0.19 | 0.665 | ||
| Married | 101 (66.0) | 52 (34.0) | ||
| Single | 39 (62.9) | 23 (37.1) | ||
| Education level | 7.27 | 0.026* | ||
| Secondary | 18 (90.0) | 2 (10.0) | ||
| College/university | 54 (63.5) | 31 (36.5) | ||
| Add-on renal certificate | 68 (61.8) | 42 (38.2) | ||
| Age (years) | 2.25 | 0.522 | ||
| 20–30 | 75 (69.4) | 33 (30.6) | ||
| 31–40 | 53 (59.6) | 36 (40.4) | ||
| 41–50 | 9 (69.2) | 4 (30.8) | ||
| 50 | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | ||
| Working experience | 1.82 | 0.874 | ||
| Less than 3 months | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | ||
| 3–6 months | 7 (53.8) | 6 (46.2) | ||
| 7–11 months | 13 (56.5) | 10 (43.5) | ||
| 1–3 years | 33 (66.0) | 17 (34.0) | ||
| 4–6 years | 31 (68.9) | 14 (31.1) | ||
| >6 years | 50 (66.7) | 25 (33.3) | ||
| Job title/position | 12.91 | 0.012* | ||
| Unit manager/in-charge nurse | 15 (51.7) | 14 (48.3) | ||
| Staff nurse | 82 (61.7) | 51 (38.3) | ||
| Medical assistant | 16 (72.7) | 6 (27.3) | ||
| Dialysis assistant | 22 (91.7) | 2 (8.3) | ||
| Others | 5 (71.4) | 2 (28.6) | ||
| Staff Participation in Haemodialysis Affairs (BPES-BSPHA) | 1.57 | 0.211 | ||
| Low | 76 (69.1) | 34 (30.9) | ||
| High | 64 (61.0) | 41 (39.0) | ||
| Staffs Foundations for Quality of Care (BPES-BSFQC) | 0.74 | 0.389 | ||
| Low | 55 (68.8) | 25 (31.3) | ||
| High | 85 (63.0) | 50 (37.0) | ||
| Manager Ability, Leadership, and Support of Staff (BPES-BTMALSS) | 0.91 | 0.341 | ||
| Low | 73 (68.2) | 34 (31.8) | ||
| High | 67 (62.0) | 41 (38.0) | ||
| Staffing and Resource Adequacy (BPES-BSRA) | 1.40 | 0.238 | ||
| Low | 79 (68.7) | 36 (31.3) | ||
| High | 61 (61.0) | 39 (39.0) | ||
| Staffs-Doctor Relations (BPES-BSDR) | 0.31 | 0.580 | ||
| Low | 69 (67.0) | 34 (33.0) | ||
| High | 71 (63.4) | 41 (36.6) | ||
| Staff-Staff Relations (BPES-BSSR) | 0.35 | 0.552 | ||
| Low | 60 (67.4) | 29 (32.6) | ||
| High | 80 (63.5) | 46 (36.5) | ||
| Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) | 3.49 | 0.062 | ||
| Low | 69 (71.9) | 27 (28.1) | ||
| High | 71 (59.7) | 48 (40.3) | ||