Physical activity levels and predictors in patients following percutaneous coronary intervention: a cross-sectional study

Variable	n (%)
Gender
Male	189 (83.6)
Female	37 (16.4)
Age (years)
<45	13 (5.8)
45–59	91 (40.2)
60–69	122 (54.0)
Area of residence
Urban	209 (92.5)
Rural	17 (7.5)
Education level
Less than high school	62 (29.6)
High school	72 (31.9)
Superior education	87 (38.5)
Marital status
Married, cohabiting	215 (95.1)
Single, widowed, divorced	11 (4.9)
Occupational status
Employed	79 (35.0)
Unemployed	147 (65.0)
Monthly income (RMB)
<3000	30 (13.3)
3000-4999	61 (27.0)
≥5000	135 (59.7)
History of CHD (years)
<1	85 (37.9)
1–4	103 (46.0)
5–9	28 (12.5)
≥10	8 (3.6)
Years since PCI surgery
<0.5	52 (23.1)
0.5–0.9	42 (18.8)
1–4	103 (46.0)
≥5	27 (12.1)
Number of stents
1	106 (46.9)
2	63 (27.8)
3	32 (14.2)
≥4	25 (11.1)
Symptoms exist in PA
Yes	80 (35.4)
No	146 (64.6)
Extent of symptoms’ affection
None	27 (33.8)
Lightly	29 (36.2)
Moderately	18 (22.5)
Severely	6 (7.5)
Complications
Yes	110 (48.7)
No	116 (51.3)
Motivation (mean ± SD)	226 (56.89 ± 12.09)
Self-efficacy (mean ± SD)	226 (7.18 ± 1.51)
Social support (mean ± SD)	226 (38.18 ± 6.88)

1 Note: CHD, coronary heart disease; PA, physical activity; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2.

Composition of 4 domains of PA.

Item	n	Total (%)	Vigorous (%)	Moderate (%)	Walk (%)
Leisure-time	226	84.5	12.8	18.6	62.1
Housework	226	47.3	1.3	46.9	– ^a
Work	79	43.0	0.0	2.5	38.0
Transport	226	40.3	– ^a	25.9	26.5

1 Note: IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; PA, physical activity.

1a Because the intensity option was not set for this type of activity in the IPAQ, no analysis was performed.

Table 3.

Univariate analysis of low, moderate, and high levels of PA.

Item	Low (n, %)	Moderate (n, %)	High (n, %)	χ²/F/Z	P-value
Gender				Z = -0.053	0.958
Male	41 (21.7)	124 (65.6)	24 (12.7)
Female	4 (10.8)	22 (89.2)	0 (0.0)
Age (years)				χ² = 2.496	0.287
<45	2 (15.4)	9 (69.2)	2 (15.4)
45–59	17 (18.7)	60 (65.9)	14 (15.4)
60–69	26 (21.3)	88 (72.1)	8 (6.6)
Area of residence				Z = -0.7	0.484
Urban	42 (20.1)	146 (69.9)	21 (10.0)
Rural	3 (17.6)	11 (64.7)	3 (17.6)
Education level				χ² = 1.559	0.459
Less than high school	9 (13.4)	53 (79.1)	5 (7.5)
High school	21 (29.2)	41 (56.9)	10 (13.9)
Superior education	15 (17.2)	63 (72.4)	9 (10.3)
Marital status				Z = -1.141	0.254
Married	44 (20.5)	149 (69.3)	22 (10.2)
Not married	1 (9.1)	8 (72.7)	2 (18.2)
Occupational status				Z = -2.303	0.021
Employed	13 (16.5)	51 (64.6)	15 (19.0)
Unemployed	32 (21.8)	106 (72.1)	9 (6.1)
Monthly income, yuan (RMB)				χ² = 6.006	0.049
<3000	3 (10.0)	23 (76.7)	4 (13.3)
3000–4999	6 (9.8)	49 (80.4)	6 (9.8)
≥5000	36 (26.6)	85 (63.0)	14 (10.4)
History of CHD (years)				χ² = 2.261	0.520
<1	17 (20.0)	57 (67.1)	11 (12.9)
1–4	19 (18.4)	72 (69.9)	12 (11.7)
5–9	7 (25.0)	6 (75.0)	0 (0.0)
≥10	2 (25.0)	6 (75.0)	0 (0.0)
Years since PCI surgery (years)				χ² = 2.961	0.398
<0.5	11 (21.2)	35 (67.2)	6 (11.5)
0.5–0.9	8 (19.0)	28 (66.7)	6 (14.3)
1–4	18 (17.5)	74 (71.8)	11 (10.7)
≥5	8 (29.6)	18 (66.7)	1 (3.7)
Number of stents				χ² = 8.427	0.038
1	13 (12.3)	79 (74.5)	14 (13.2)
2	18 (28.6)	40 (63.5)	5 (7.9)
3	7 (21.9)	21 (65.6)	4 (12.5)
≥4	7 (28.0)	17 (68.0)	1 (4.0)
Symptoms exist in PA				Z = -2.204	0.028
Yes	22 (27.5)	52 (65.0)	6 (7.5)
No	23 (15.8)	105 (71.9)	18 (12.3)
Extent of symptoms’ affection				χ² = 9.684	0.021
None	5 (18.5)	20 (70.4)	2 (7.4)
Lightly	5 (17.2)	21 (72.4)	3 (10.3)
Moderately	8 (44.4)	9 (50.0)	1 (5.6)
Severely	4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)	0 (0.0)
Complications				Z = -0.381	0.703
Yes	24 (20.7)	77 (66.4)	15 (12.9)
No	21 (19.1)	80 (72.7)	9 (8.2)
Motivation	46 (49.7)	156 (58.3)	24 (61.9)	F = 14.105	<0.001
Self-efficacy	46 (6.2)	156 (7.4)	24 (7.3)	F = 11.806	<0.001
Social support	46 (37.1)	156 (38.3)	24 (39.6)	F = 1.112	0.331

1 Note: CHD, coronary heart disease; PA, physical activity; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

Table 4.

Ordinal multinomial logistic analysis on the predictors of PA.

Variable	B	SE	Wald χ²	Sig	OR	95% CI
Variable	B	SE	Wald χ²	Sig	OR	Min.	Max.
Motivation	0.033	0.009	14.174	<0.001	1.033	0.016	0.051
Self-efficacy	0.164	0.062	5.735	0.017	1.178	0.030	0.299
Occupational status
Employed	-0.420	0.205	4.183	0.041	0.657	-0.822	-0.017
Unemployed (reference)	0
Monthly income, yuan (RMB)
<3000	0.791	0.294	7.236	0.007	2.206	0.215	1.368
3000–4999	0.755	0.229	10.906	0.001	2.128	0.307	1.203
5000 (reference)	0
Number of stents
1	-0.456	0.312	2.132	0.144	0.634	-1.068	0.156
2	-0.537	0.274	3.831	0.050	0.584	-1.074	0.001
3	-0.444	0.232	3.683	0.055	0.641	-0.898	0.009
4 (reference)	0
Symptoms and effect exist in PA
Exist symptoms but no effect	0.571	0.303	3.562	0.059	1.770	-0.022	1.164
Exist symptoms and mild effects	-0.022	0.276	0.006	0.937	0.978	-0.563	0.520
Exist symptoms and moderate effects	-0.414	0.369	1.261	0.261	0.661	-1.137	0.309
Exist symptoms and severe effects	0.714	0.681	1.100	0.294	2.042	-0.620	2.048
No effect (reference)	0

1 CI, confidence interval; PA, physical activity; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2023-0051 | Journal eISSN: 2544-8994 | Journal ISSN: 2097-5368

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Language: English

Page range: 471 - 480

Submitted on: Nov 25, 2022

Accepted on: Feb 2, 2023

Published on: Dec 18, 2023

Published by: Shanxi Medical Periodical Press

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

cardiac rehabilitation,

determinant,

percutaneous coronary interventions,

physical activity,

prevalence

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Assistive professions, nursing

© 2023 Xiao-Lin Feng, Shao-Mei Shang, Shun-Lin Xu, Hong-Bo Chen, Yun-Lin Wang, published by Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 10 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)