Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants.
| Item | Pretesting acquisition entry (N = 200) | Factor analysis and reliability analysis (N = 500) | Evaluating structure/content validity (N = 200) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 35 | 17.5 | 57 | 11.4 | 38 | 19 |
| Female | 165 | 82.5 | 443 | 88.6 | 162 | 81 |
| Grade | ||||||
| Sophomore | 57 | 28.5 | 153 | 30.6 | 63 | 31.5 |
| Junior | 89 | 44.5 | 187 | 37.4 | 78 | 39.0 |
| Senior | 54 | 27.0 | 160 | 32.0 | 59 | 29.5 |
Table 2.
Factor loading of observed items in the questionnaire.
| Cognition of TCM culture and theory | Advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment | Feelings about TCM achievements | Personal behaviors related to TCM | Attitudes towards the association between TCM and Western medicine | Attitudes towards the future of TCM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Items | Loading | Items | Loading | Items | Loading | Items | Loading | Items | Loading | Items | Loading |
| A3 | 0.83 | B2 | 0.72 | C1 | 0.81 | D3 | 0.72 | E1 | 0.70 | F3 | 0.75 |
| A5 | 0.74 | B4 | 0.72 | C2 | 0.76 | D2 | 0.67 | E2 | 0.57 | F2 | 0.78 |
| A4 | 0.73 | B3 | 0.67 | C3 | 0.70 | D1 | 0.61 | F4 | 0.78 | ||
| A2 | 0.67 | B6 | 0.65 | F1 | 0.64 | ||||||
| A1 | 0.65 | B1 | 0.63 | F5 | 0.52 | ||||||
| A6 | 0.50 | B5 | 0.53 | ||||||||
Table 3.
Results of discriminant validity between 2 groups (M± SD).
| Group | No | Scores: cognition of TCM culture and theory | Scores: advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment | Scores: feelings about TCM achievements | Scores: personal behaviors related to TCM | Scores: attitudes towards the association between TCM and Western medicine | Scores: attitudes towards the future of TCM | Scores: total content |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 412 | 23.11 ± 4.17 | 28.13 ± 6.17 | 20.45 ± 5.23 | 21.07 ± 4.71 | 18.78 ± 6.57 | 33.19 ± 7.22 | 142.70 ± 18.61 |
| 2 | 88 | 20.18 ± 5.21 | 14.21 ± 5.71 | 17.38 ± 4.67 | 10.61 ± 6.18 | 16.32 ± 4.36 | 23.62 ± 7.54 | 103.28 ± 25.37 |
| T-value | 5.36 | 14.16 | 4.34 | 19.76 | 3.76 | 17.18 | 29.25 | |
| p | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Table 4.
Contents of the questionnaire.
| Observed aspects | Items |
|---|---|
| The cognition of TCM culture and theory | A1 People foremost A2 Benevolent mind and heart A3 The story of “Shen Nong tasted hundreds of herbs gotten poisoned by 70 poisons” A4 Harmony in human and natureyA5 Famous doctors like Hua Tuo, Bian Que & Li Shizhen A6 Yin-yang and 5 elements, organs, meridians theory organs &meridians theory |
| Advantages and characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment | B1 “Syndrome differentiation and treatment” & “Holistic treatment” B2 TCM is naturally sourced B3 TCM is economical, effective, easy to perform & convenience B4 TCM focuses on health preservation &preventive treatment of disease B5 TCM has flexible & diverse treatment methods B6 TCM is good at treating many diseases such as breathing, digestion, gynecology rheumatism, joints, etc., |
| Feelings about TCM achievements | C1 Tu You-you won the Nobel Prize in Literature C2 Chinese Acupuncture was listed in the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage in 2010 C3 TCM is the crucial prevent & treatment for Novel Coronavirus |
| Personal behaviors related to TCM | D1 Engaged in TCM related work D2 Tell others about the advantages of TCM diagnosis & treatment, & also the knowledge/skills of TCM health preservation D3 Apply TCM health care like Qigong & Tai Chi into your daily life |
| Attitudes towards the association between TCM and Western medicine | E1 Chinese and western medicine should complement each other in the treatment of diseases E2 Not clear about the characteristics & advantages of Chinese combined with Western medicine in treating diseases |
| Attitudes towards the future of TCM | F1 The government policies enhance the development of TCM F2 Modern technology improve the development of TCM F3 China’s economic development provides conditions for boosting TCM F4 “One Belt & One Road” strengthens the influence of TCM F5 The health needs of human beings |