Postoperative outcomes_
| Programs | n (%) |
| Postoperative complications | |
| Gastroplegia | 8 (2.4) |
| Pulmonary complication | 1 (0.3) |
| Anastomotic leakage | 1 (0.3) |
| Bleeding | 1 (0.3) |
| Unplanned reoperation | 1 (0.3) |
| Costs (in thousands, ¥) | 59.5 ± 14.5 |
| Hospital stay (d) | 12 (5, 36) |
| Mortality | 0 |
Characteristics of the gastric cancer patients_
| Variables | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Male | 252 (76.6) |
| Female | 77 (23.4) |
| Age (years) | 63.8 ± 10.6 |
| Height (cm) | 166.2 ± 7.5 |
| Body weight (kg) | 63.6 ± 11.0 |
| Education background | |
| Senior high school or below | 287 (87.2) |
| Junior college | 19 (5.8) |
| Bachelor degree or above | 23 (7.0) |
| Economic status | |
| Below local level | 55 (16.7) |
| In line with the local level | 250 (76.0) |
| Above local level | 24 (7.3) |
| Diseases history | |
| Hypertension | 127 (38.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 34 (10.3) |
| Heart disease | 22 (6.7) |
| Others | 34 (10.3) |
| Number of complications | |
| 1 | 106 (32.2) |
| 2 | 47 (14.3) |
| ≥3 | 17 (5.2) |
| Number of previous surgeries | |
| 1 | 110 (33.4) |
| 2 | 20 (6.1) |
| ≥3 | 9 (2.7) |
| Family history | |
| Yes | 13 (4.0) |
| No | 316 (96.0) |
| Radiotherapy | |
| Yes | 5 (1.5) |
| No | 324 (98.5) |
| Chemotherapy | |
| Yes | 22 (6.7) |
| No | 307 (93.3) |
| Smoking | |
| Yes | 133 (40.4) |
| No | 196 (59.6) |
| Drinking | |
| Yes | 103 (31.3) |
| No | 226 (68.7) |
Implementation of ERAS protocols during postoperative period (N=329)_
| Programs | Value, n (%) |
|---|---|
| Postoperative oxygen therapy (h) | 27.0 ± 18.4 |
| Thromboprophylaxis | |
| Compression stocking | 8 (2.4) |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | 214 (65.0) |
| Combined | 107 (32.5) |
| Antibiotics (days after operation) | |
| 1 | 116 (35.3) |
| 2 | 73 (22.2) |
| ≥3 | 140 (42.5) |
| Postoperative diet initiation (days after operation) | |
| 1–2 | 0 (0) |
| 3 | 4 (1.2) |
| 4 | 57 (17.3) |
| Upon gas passage | 268 (81.5) |
| Intravenous fluid administration (days after operation) | |
| 1–3 | 0 (0) |
| 4 | 9 (2.7) |
| ≥5 | 320 (97.3) |
| Early mobilization on the bed (hours after operation) | 9.5 ± 12.3 |
| Early ambulation (hours after operation) | 39.5 ± 12.5 |
| Respiratory function training | |
| Conventional method | 292 (88.8) |
| Respiratory training device | 37 (11.2) |
| Nutritional support after surgery | 329 (100) |
| Passage of flatus (days after surgery) | |
| 1–2 | 7 (2.1) |
| 3 | 59 (17.9) |
| ≥4 | 263 (79.9) |
| Removal of nasogastric tube (days after surgery) | |
| 1 | 51 (15.5) |
| 2 | 77 (23.4) |
| 3 | 69 (21.0) |
| ≥4 | 132 (40.1) |
| Removal of urinary catheter (days after surgery) | |
| 1 | 0 (0) |
| 2 | 4 (1.2) |
| 3 | 108 (32.8) |
| ≥4 | 217 (66.0) |
Implementation of ERAS programs during preoperative period_
| Programs | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Smoking cessation (weeks) (n = 133) | |
| No | 41 (30.8) |
| <8 | 46 (34.6) |
| ≥8 | 46 (34.6) |
| Drinking cessation (weeks) (n = 103) | |
| No | 30 (29.1) |
| <4 | 35 (34.0) |
| ≥4 | 38 (36.9) |
| Preoperative patient education and counseling | 329 (100) |
| Avoidance of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation | 80 (24.3) |
| Preoperative fasting (before surgery) (h) | |
| ≥24 | 11 (3.3) |
| 12–24 | 202 (61.4) |
| 6–12 | 116 (35.3) |
| Administration of carbohydrate-rich drink before surgery | |
| Yes | 2 (0.6) |
| No | 327 (99.4) |
| Nutritional support before surgery | |
| Yes | 124 (37.7) |
| No | 205 (62.3) |
| Caprini score before surgery | |
| 0–1 (extremely low-risk) | 8 (2.4) |
| 2 (low-risk) | 31 (9.4) |
| 3–4 (medium-risk) | 204 (62.0) |
| ≥5 (high-risk) | 86 (26.1) |
| Thromboprophylaxis | |
| No | 196 (59.6) |
| Compression stocking | 115 (35.0) |
| Low-molecular-weight heparin | 18 (5.4) |
| Respiratory function training | |
| Yes | 37 (11.2) |
| No | 292 (88.8) |
Implementation of ERAS programs during operation (N=329)_
| Programs | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Type of operation | |
| Proximal gastrectomy | 31 (9.4) |
| Distal gastrectomy | 172 (52.3) |
| Total gastrectomy | 126 (38.3) |
| Maintaining normothermia | 329 (100) |
| Prophylactic antibiotics | |
| Yes | 38 (11.6) |
| No | 291 (88.4) |
| Nasogastric tube insertion | 329 (100) |
| Abdominal drainage | 329 (100) |
| Urinary drainage tube | 329 (100) |
| Pain control | |
| Epidural analgesia | 268 (81.5) |
| Intravenous analgesia | 61 (18.5) |
| Blood transfusion | |
| Yes | 17 (5.2) |
| No | 312 (94.8) |
| Combined viscerectomy | |
| Yes | 26 (7.9) |
| No | 303 (92.1) |
| Thromboprophylaxis | |
| No | 196 (59.6) |
| Compression stocking | 133 (40.4) |
| Fluid management | 329 (100) |