Figure 1.
The dietary adherence and the associated factors_
| Variables | f (%) | Dietary adherence (M ± SD) | F/r/P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | r = 0.111, P = nsa; F = 0.363, P = nsb | ||
| 35–44 | 2 (2.4) | 28 ± 4.24 | |
| 45–54 | 23 (27.0) | 29.57 ± 10.05 | |
| 55–64 | 31 (36.5) | 29.55 ± 8.95 | |
| >65 | 29 (34.1) | 30.52 ± 8.87 | |
| Gender | rpb = -0.095, P = nsc | ||
| Male | 20 (23.5) | 28.2 ± 9.21 | |
| Female | 65 (76.5) | 30.16 ± 7.55 | |
| Employment status | rpb = 0.002, P = nsc | ||
| Active working | 32 (37.6) | 30.08 ± 8.66 | |
| Unemployment | 53 (62.4) | 29.56 ± 9.24 | |
| Married status | rpb = -0.002, P = nsc | ||
| Married | 67 (78.8) | 30.15 ± 8.83 | |
| Single | 18 (21.2) | 28.94 ± 9.72 | |
| Comorbidities | rpb = -0.208, P = 0.056c | ||
| No comorbidity | 39 (45.9) | 31.47 ± 8.12 | |
| Comorbid others | 46 (54.1) | 28.02 ± 9.16 | |
| Living with DM (years) | r = 0.094, P = nsa; rpb = -0.219, P = 0.044c | ||
| >10 | 16 (18.8) | 31.12 ± 9.17 | |
| <10 | 69 (81.2) | 29.55 ± 8.97 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) (N = 63) | r = -0.008, P = nsa; F = 0.150, P = nsb | ||
| 18.5-22.9 | 18 (21.3) | 30 ± 9.20 | |
| 23-24.9 | 13 (15.3) | 31 ± 9.29 | |
| >25 | 32 (37.6) | 29.40 ± 8.54 | |
| Random blood glucose (mg/dL) (N = 78) | r = 0.016, P = nsa; rpb = 0.010, P = nsc | ||
| <200 | 51 (60.0) | 29.39 ± 9.07 | |
| >200 | 27 (31.8) | 29.75 ± 8.87 | |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) (N = 12) | r = -0.055, P = nsa; rpb = 0.268, P = nsc | ||
| <125 | 6 (50) | 26 ± 8.85 | |
| >125 | 6 (50) | 32.83 ± 12.30 |
Characteristics of respondents (n = 85)_
| Variables | n | % | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.2 (8.48) | ||
| 35-44 | 2 | 0.024 | |
| 45-54 | 23 | 0.270 | |
| 55-64 | 31 | 0.365 | |
| ≥65 | 29 | 0.341 | |
| Living with diabetes (years) | 7.3 (6.85) | ||
| ≤10 | 69 | 0.812 | |
| >10 | 16 | 0.188 | |
| Random blood glucose (mg/dL), N=78 | 187.6 (91.60) | ||
| <200 | 51 | 0.600 | |
| ≥200 | 27 | 0.318 | |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL), N=12 | 124.6 (35.56) | ||
| <125 | 6 | 0.500 | |
| ≥125 | 6 | 0.500 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), N=63 | 25.8 (4.48) | ||
| 18.5–22.9 | 18 | 0.213 | |
| 23–24.9 | 13 | 0.153 | |
| ≥25 | 32 | 0.376 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 20 | 0.235 | |
| Female | 65 | 0.763 | |
| Married status | 0.788 | ||
| Married | 67 | 0.212 | |
| Single | 18 | ||
| Employment status | |||
| Active working | 32 | 0.376 | |
| Unemployed | 53 | 0.624 | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| None | 39 | 0.459 | |
| Comorbid | 46 | 0.541 |
The score of PDAQ instrument_
| No. | Variable | Mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adherence to healthy diet suitable for diabetic patient | 4.50 ± 2.84 |
| 2 | Adherence to consume fruits and vegetables | 4.60 ± 2.30 |
| 3 | Adherence to consume low-sugar carbohydrates | 2.08 ± 2.40 |
| 4 | Adherence to limit high-sugar diets | 4.41 ± 2.26 |
| 5 | Adherence to consume high-fibre diets | 2.25 ± 2.43 |
| 6 | Adherence to put an interval in daily carbohydrates intake | 4.05 ± 3.23 |
| 7 | Adherence to consume fish and other diets with high omega-3 | 2.82 ± 1.86 |
| 8 | Adherence to fried foods with olive/organic oil | 0.72 ± 1.89 |
| 9 | Adherence to limit high-fat diets | 4.28 ± 2.45 |