| Reduce early transfusion | Early transfusion should be minimized, and perfusion strategies such as dopamine and crystalloid solution expansion should be adopted at an early stage |
| Platelet transfusion therapy | For premature infants with low platelet counts, platelet transfusion therapy can be considered |
| Antenatal corticosteroids use | Prenatal corticosteroids may be used at <35 weeks of pregnancy when adequate obstetric care is available |
| Delayed clamping of the cord | Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord for 30–60 s or even longer after birth indirectly reduces the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and is also safe for both mother and her baby |
| Temperature management | Control the body temperature between 36.5°C and 37.2°C, wrap the newborn with plastic wrap, skin-to-skin care, use the heated mattress, appropriately raise the temperature of the delivery room, dry immediately after birth, and put on a hat to warm the baby’s head |
| Infection management | Strict hand hygiene (hand disinfection before and after contact with newborns), reasonable and standard use of antibiotics and appointed nurses can be responsible for infection management |
| Breastfeeding | Continue breastfeeding as long as possible, it is beneficial for babies’ growth and can decrease the risk of retinopathy of prematurity for preterm infants |
| Oxygen management | According to different gestational ages, the SpO2 target can be adjusted appropriately within the rational range, and the stability of SpO2 should be maintained |
| Pain management | To reduce unnecessary pain, and use some intervention methods such as swaddling, oral sucrose or glucose, non-nutritive sucking, kangaroo mother care, sensorial saturation, and music therapy for pain relief |
| Supportive care | Maintain the newborn stable and comfortable, such as kangaroo mother care, maintain the comfortable posture for preterm infants, to give the baby sense of safety |
