| Xu Yaqun25 | A case–control trial, comparing the total effective rate of clinical outcomes | Saposhnikovia divarrcata 3 g, Schizonepeta tenuifolia 3 g, Rhizoma chuanxiong 3 g, licorice 3 g, Angelica 6 g, Atractylodes macrocephala 10 g, Cortex Moutan 10 g, Sophora flavescens 15 g, Cortex Phellodendri 6 g. | Patients undergoing fasciotomy of the lower leg | External | Observation group: 84.21%; control group: 77.78% |
| Wang Qunxiang et al.26 | A case–control trial, comparing the pain scores and swelling values | Mirabilite group 40%: borax 400 g, borneol powder 100 g, Lanum 50 g, and moderate amount of vaseline. | Surgical treatment of leg fracture | External | 40% mang boron powder has advantages |
| Zhou et al.27 | Case report | Phellodendron, Radix notoginseng, Rheum rhabarbarum, Gardenia jasminoides, Sanguisorba officinalis, and Paeonia suffruticosa (Andr.) and 12 Chinese herbs. | Forearm compartment syndrome | External | Saved the time for decompressive fasciotomy and improved the overall prognosis of the patient |
| Guofeng28, Liang Songming30 | Review and book | Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, dried tangerine or orange peel, agalloch eaglewood, Cyperus rotundus, Rosa banksiae, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica tail, peach kernel, frankincense, ground beetle etc. | OCS patients | External | Promoting Qi to relieve pain, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis |
| Dongchun29 | RCT which compared pain relief and swelling regression | Longzhong Xiaozhong Zhitong Mixture: Radix Paeoniae Rubra, the dried rhizome of Rehmannia, Herba Lycopi, pseudo-ginseng, Rosa banksiae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, peach kernel, Ligusticum chuanxiong, leech | Grade 1 and 2 patients with calf OCS | Oral | The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05) |
| Meiling31 | Observational study | Earlier stage: Angelica 12 g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 12 g, Dipsacus 12 g, Clematis 12 g, raw coix seed 30 g, mulberry parasite 30 g, Rhizoma drynariae 12 g, Acanthopanax senticosus 12 g.Later stage (>7 weeks): Paulownia bark 6 g, penetrating bone grass 6 g, frankincense 6 g, myrrh 6 g, Angelica 5 g, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 10 g, Rhizoma chuanxiong 3 g, Carthamus tinctorius 3 g, Clematis 3 g, licorice 3 g, Saposhnikovia divaricata 3 g, Angelica dahurica 3 g. | Patients with tibiofibular fracture | Used internally and externally | The healing time is 8–11 weeks, and the fracture healing time is shortened. |
| Hongtian32 | RCT, compared transit operation cases, cure time, and symptom improvement time | Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Alisma, Polyporus umbellatus, Carthamus tinctorius, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, myrrh, Rhizome chuanxiong, Pericarpium Arecae, Rosa banksiae, each 10 g. Salvia miltiorrhiza, plantain seed, each 15 g; grilled licorice 6 g. | Patients with early OCS | Oral | The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05) |
| Zhu Zhixiong33 | RCT, compared the time of swelling subsiding, pain relief, peripheral artery from weak to strong. | Angelica sinensis 25 g, Carthamus tinctorius 10 g, Trionyx sinensis 15 g, natural copper 15 g, Rhizoma cibotii 15 g, Rhizoma drynariae 25 g, myrrh 10 g, frankincense 10 g, Lutong 10 g, peach kernel 5 g, Panax Notoginseng powder 6 g, Rhizoma corydalis 9 g. | Patients with OCS | Oral | The result in the observation group was better than in the control group. |
| Yu Xiaoyun and Li34 | RCT, compared CK and SOD level | Peach kernel 10 g, Carthamus tinctorius 6 g, Rhizoma chuanxiong 10 g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, frankincense, myrrh, Trionyx sinensis, Clematis chinensis, Stephania tetrandra, Pheretima 10 g each, Salvia miltiorrhiza 30 g, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g, Angelica sinensis 15g, Radix Astragali 20 g, Atractylodes macrocephala, Polyporus umbellatus, Poria cocos, Alisma 12 g each. | Patients with OCS | Oral | The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05) |
| Chou Jianwei et al.35 | RCT, compared the time for swelling to subside and pain to relieve | Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica, peach kernel, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Polyporus, Poria 15 g each, Alisma, Rhizoma corydalis, myrrh, frankincense 10 g each, roasted licorice 6 g. | Patients with OCS | Oral | The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05) |
| Ying36 | RCT, compared the effective rate | Peach kernel 9 g, Angelica sinensis 9 g, Ligusticum chuanxiong 6 g, Trogopterus dung 6 g, Gentiana macrophylla 3 g, Cyperus rotundus 3 g, Notopterygium root 3 g, Achyranthes bidentata 9 g, Carthamus tinctorius 9 g, myrrh 6 g, Pheretima 6 g, licorice 6 g. | Patients treated with VSD after OCS | Oral | Routine group: 80%; conventional + TCM group: 88%; routine + hyperbaric oxygen group: 88%; routine + TCM + hyperbaric oxygen treatment group: 92%. |
| Pang Zhihao et al.37 | RCT, compared CK, LDH, AST indicators | Qingredu granules (YYZZ Z20070916): honeysuckle, Chinese violet, dandelion, buffalo horn, wild chrysanthemum, Folium Isatidis, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Scrophularia, Cortex Moutan. | Patients with OCS | Oral | Observation group: CK, LDH, AST indicators decline. |
| Wang Kaijun38 | RCT, compared swelling subsiding and wound healing time | Angelica sinensis 15 g, Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi 15 g, Carthamus tinctorius 12 g, Cassia twig 12 g, peach kernel 10 g, pollen 12 g, licorice 8 g, mulberry branch 12 g, soft-shelled turtle 15 g. | Patients with OCS | Oral | Outcome in observation group was better than in control group, and serum CK/LDH level decreased. |
| Wei Bing39 | RCT, compared wound healing effective rate. | Peach kernel 12 g, Carthamus tinctorius 15 g, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Angelica, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 12 g each, Radix Astragali 30 g, Coix kernel 20 g, Atractylodes macrocephala 12 g, Polyporus umbellatus15 g, Alisma 12 g, honeysuckle 15 g, dandelion 15 g, grilled licorice 6 g. | Patients with OCS | Oral | The observation group wound healing was better than that in control group. |
| Li Jianfei40 | RCT, compared fasciotomy and rate of adverse events. | Poria cocos 12 g, Stephania tetrandra 10 g, motherwort 18 g, cinnamon 12 g, Atractylodes macrocephala 15 g, Astragalus 30 g, Salvia miltiorrhiza 15 g, Herba Lycopi 12 g, licorice 6 g, Achyranthes bidentata 15 g, Panax notoginseng 15 g, Sangusis draconis 2 g. | Patients with OCS | Oral | The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05) |
| Shi Meng and Yu41 | RCT, compared total effective rate | Ligusticum chuanxiong, Angelica Sinensis, Carthamus tinctorius, Radix Paeonia Rubra, peach kernel, leech, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Gardenia 15 g each, Herba Lycopi, Radix Rehmanniae, Rosa banksiae 12 g each, licorice 6 g. | Patients with OCS | Oral | Observation group: 85%; control group: 65% |
