Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Demographic data | n (%) | M ± SD |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Female | 68 (80.0) | |
| Age (years) | 50.19 ± 9.56 | |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 4 (4.7) | |
| Married | 56 (65.9) | |
| Widow | 15 (17.6) | |
| Divorced | 10 (11.8) | |
| Education | ||
| Elementary or lower | 41 (48.3) | |
| High school | 12 (14.1) | |
| College or higher | 32 (37.6) | |
| Occupation | ||
| Employee | 18.8 | |
| Selling | 16.5 | |
| Housewife | 36.5 | |
| Official staff | 5.9 | |
| Other (e.g., not prefer to answer) | 22.4 | |
| Duration of caring (years) | ||
| <5 | 4 (4.7) | |
| >5 | 81 (95.3) | |
| Primary caregiver | ||
| Parents | 68 (80.0) | |
| Caregivers | 17 (20.0) | |
| Depression | 4.16 ± 4.91 | |
| No depression | 62 (72.9) | |
| Mild depression | 14 (16.5) | |
| Moderate depression | 7 (8.2) | |
| Severe depression | 2 (2.4) | |
| Social support | 59.99 ± 18.79 | |
| Low social support | 11 (12.9) | |
| Moderate social support | 23 (27.1) | |
| High social support | 51 (60.0) | |
| Cognitive function | 20.68 ± 6.02 | |
| Normal cognitive function | 38 (44.7) | |
| Cognitive impairment | 47 (55.3) | |
| Caregiver-related stigma | 69.87 ± 22.66 | |
| No stigma | 60 (70.6) | |
| Mild stigma | 18 (21.2) | |
| Moderate stigma | 7 (8.2) | |
| Resilience | 69.87 ± 22.66 | |
| Low resilience | 42 (49.3) | |
| Intermediate resilience | 21 (24.7) | |
| High resilience | 22 (25.9) | |
Table 2.
Relationships among depression, social support, cognitive, stigma, and resilience by Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient.
Table 3.
Crude and adjusted coefficients of resilience.
| Variable | B | Crude 95% CI | P-value | B | Adjusted* 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | –2.00 | –2.91, –1.09 | <0.001 | –1.93 | –2.85, –1.00 | <0.001 |
| Social support | 0.87 | 0.68, 1.05 | <0.001 | 0.89 | 0.69, 1.08 | <0.001 |
| Cognitive | 1.09 | 0.30, 1.87 | 0.007 | 1.12 | 0.22, 2.01 | 0.016 |
| Stigma | –0.94 | –1.34, –0.54 | <0.001 | –0.95 | –1.36, –0.54 | <0.001 |
Table 4.
Final model of factors predicting resilience.
| Factor | B | SE (b) | β | t | P-value | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | –0.39 | 0.40 | –0.08 | –0.99 | 0.324 | –1.16, 0.39 |
| Social support | 0.72 | 0.11 | 0.60 | 6.83 | <0.001 | 0.51,0.93 |
| Cognitive | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.696 | –0.47, 0.70 |
| Stigma | –0.45 | 0.17 | –0.22 | –2.72 | 0.008 | –0.78, –0.12 |
| Constant | 51.95 | 13.43 | 3.88 | <0.001 | 25.22, 78.69 |