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Repeated measurements of depression and outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis†

Open Access
|Dec 2022

Figures & Tables

Comparison of HAMDS scores between the deceased and surviving groups (n = 258)_

ItemsDeceased patients (n = 97)Surviving patients (n = 161)ZP
HAMDS score (SD)7.15 (3.14)6.30 (2.84)−2.1640.03

Baseline demographic and illness characteristics_

CharacteristicDeceased patients (n = 97)Surviving patients (n = 161)t/Z2P
Age, years (SD)64.59 (12.27)59.98 (13.19)−2.6310.009
Gender, n (%) 2.2820.157
    Male5779
    Female4082
Education 3.8920.143
    Primary school and below4149
    Secondary school4689
    College1023
Marriage 4.9850.083
    Single35
    Married78136
    Divorced/widowed1620
Employment 2.8070.246
    Working812
    Retired74110
    Unemployed/students/1539
Family per capita monthly income (yuan/month) 6.1170.106
    <10001410
    1000–19994677
    2000–29991945
    >30001829
Medical expenses to be paid by oneself (yuan/month), (x̄ ± s)1731±11621867±10370.9040.368
MHD duration, months (SD)39.91 (45.41)29.60 (34.99)−1.9030.057
Primary renal diagnosis, n (%) 6.5690.363
    Glomerulonephritis32 (33.0)50 (31.1)
    Diabetic nephropathy21 (21.6)38 (23.6)
    Hypertensive nephropathy21 (21.6)27 (16.8)
    Obstructive nephropathy9 (9.3)7 (4.3)
    Polycystic kidney4 (4.1)14 (8.7)
    Unknown3 (3.1)6 (3.7)
    Other*7 (7.3)19 (11.8)
BMI, kg/m2 (SD)20.34 (3.22)20.77 (2.76)−1.1350.257

Results of Cox regression analysis models_

VariableCoefficientPAdjusted RR of death (95% CI)
Age0.032<0.0011.032 (1.015–1.050)
HAMDS score0.0670.0341.069 (1.005–1.138)

Changes in the percentage of depression at three time points, n (%) (n = 124)_

ItemsBaseline1-year follow-up2-year follow-upχ2P
Lower score  90 (72.6)  87 (70.2)  70 (56.5)
Higher score  34 (27.4)  37 (29.8)  54 (43.5)
Total score124 (100)124 (100)124 (100)8.410.015

Hazard ratios for mortality (n = 317)_

GroupsTotalDeceased patientsIncidence (%)P
Age (years) 0.002
  18–601483221.6
  61–911696538.5
HAMDS score 0.037
  1–61754626.3
  7–171425135.9

Changes in depression at three time points (n = 124)_

ItemBaseline1-year follow-up2-year follow-upFP
HAMDS score (SD)4.74 (4.00)4.94 (3.84)6.50 (3.15)9.78<0.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2022-0045 | Journal eISSN: 2544-8994 | Journal ISSN: 2097-5368
Language: English
Page range: 353 - 359
Submitted on: Mar 7, 2022
Accepted on: Jun 22, 2022
Published on: Dec 31, 2022
Published by: Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year

© 2022 Lu Zhang, Su-Mei Zhang, Sheng-Yan Shi, Hai-Ying Quan, Xiu Yang, published by Shanxi Medical Periodical Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.