| Van Spall, Chong, & Tu, (2007)19 | 83 teaching and community hospitals in Ontario, CanadaN = 9041, patients presenting with AMI | Mean age 65 years.Male 67%.History of DM and HTN (69%).Smoker 67% (n = 6094).Smoker counseled 1830 (52.1%). | No intervention; medical record review.Determine the associations between inpatient SCC and survival rate. | Retrospective cohort analysis, recruited from EFFECT study. | Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. | Reduction in mortality was significantly associated with inpatient SCC (hazard ratio 0.63, 95% CI, 0.44–0.90). | The SCC for inpatients post-MI is independently associated with a vital mortality advantage. |
| Mohiuddin et al. (2007)18 | University-affiliated teaching hospitalN = 209 | Intervention group:Mean age 54 yearsMale 69%.White (77%),History of DM and HTN (56%).Control group:Mean age 55.5 yearsMale 56%.History of DM and HTN (63%). | Counseling weekly for 60 min for a minimum of 3 months, delivered by a trained tobacco cessation counselor. | A randomized controlled trial, un-blind trial | Mortality was computed and compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. | All-cause mortality rate was 2.8% among the intervention group, compared with 12.0% in the usual care group. The absolute risk reduction in mortality was 9.2%. | Smokers recovering from acute coronary syndrome should receive intensive SCC counseling and drugs treatment for at least 3 months. |
| Bucholz, Beckman, Kiefe, & Krumholz, (2017)8 | Acute care, non-governmental hospitals in the US.N = 13,815 smokers with AMI. | Mean age 72 years.Male 57%.White (76.8%).History of DM and HTN (79%).Smoker counseled (41.2%) | Examine the differences in life expectancy after AMI between counseled and non-counseled smokers. | Retrospective study obtained from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. | Marginal Cox proportional hazards models. | Counseled smokers had lower crude mortality than non-counseled smokers. | *SCC for elderly patients with AMI is associated with long life expectancy and gains in life years. |
| Houston et al. (2005)17 | Inpatients from 2971 acute care hospitals in the US.N = 16,743 smokers with AMI. | Male 57%.White (92.2%).History of DM (22%).Smoker 100% (n = 16,743).Smoker counseled (41.1%). | No intervention reported. The SCC was attained through medical record review, as if the patient received counseling, was shown a smoking cessation (SC) video, or given brochures on SC.Assess the difference in immediate (30 and 60 d after admission) and late (2-year) mortality rates | Cross-sectional survey, recruited from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. | Kaplan–Meier survival curves; Multivariable adjustments using Cox proportion hazards models. | Smokers who received SCC had lower 30-d, 60-d, and 2-year mortality compared to non-counseled smokers.Within 30 d, the maximum decline in relative hazard (19%) was seen. | There is a positive association of SCC with survival. |
| Brown et al. (2004)16 | 117 North Carolina acute care facilities.N = 788 smoker with confirmed AMI. | Mean age 72 years.Male 59.8%.White (85.8%).History of DM and HTN (83.5%).*Smokers 100% (n = 788).*Smokers counseled (40%). | No intervention.Medical record documentation review.Examine the effect of inpatient advice or SCC on the risk of all-cause 5-year mortality among older patients hospitalized with coronary heart disease. | Cross-sectional survey, recruited from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. | Cox proportional hazard regression | The 5-years related mortality were lower among patients who were given counseling.All-cause mortality was reduced.After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, improving the survival among inpatients was associated with providing SCC (relative hazard, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63–0.97). | Implementing SCC that reaches all patients, including the elderly smokers, is required. |
