Predictors of EM among migrant old parents (N = 489)_
| Predictors | B | SE | β | t | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant | 33.512 | 2.815 | 11.904 | <0.001 | |
| PCS | −0.008 | 0.019 | −0.016 | −0.429 | 0.668 |
| MCS | −0.066 | 0.024 | −0.118 | −2.795 | 0.005 |
| DEP | −0.145 | 0.078 | 0.071 | −1.872 | 0.062 |
| IA | 0.812 | 0.108 | 0.365 | 7.547 | <0.001 |
| SI | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.003 | 0.058 | 0.954 |
| FP | −0.175 | 0.032 | −0.245 | −5.513 | <0.001 |
Pearson product moment correlation coefficients among variables (N = 489)_
| EM | PCS | MCS | DEP | IA | SI | FP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EM | 1.000 | −0.082 | −0.365** | −0.153** | 0.563** | 0.357** | −0.484** |
| PCS | 1.000 | 0.091** | 0.240** | −0.095* | −0.258** | 0.012 | |
| MCS | 1.000 | 0.143** | −0.475** | −0.421** | 0.245** | ||
| DEP | 1.000 | −0.074 | −0.257** | 0.135** | |||
| IA | 1.000 | 0.482** | −0.544** | ||||
| SI | 1.000 | −0.432** | |||||
| FP | 1.000 |
Descriptive statistics of EM and its subscales (N = 489)_
| Items | Prevalence (N) | Possible range | Actual range | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical mistreatment | 1.23% (6) | 4–24 | 4–7 | 4.02 | 0.24 |
| Psychological mistreatment | 20.65% (101) | 6–30 | 6–26 | 6.71 | 2.31 |
| Neglect | 22.50% (110) | 7–35 | 7–31 | 7.56 | 2.07 |
| Economic mistreatment | 0.61% (3) | 3–15 | 3–6 | 3.01 | 0.17 |
| Social mistreatment | 9.41% (46) | 4–20 | 4–11 | 4.16 | 0.57 |
| Overall | 36.40% (178) | 24–120 | 24–70 | 25.46 | 4.42 |
Sociodemographic and migration characteristics of the migrant old parents (N = 489)_
| Variables | Frequency | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean = 64.37, SD = 4.84) | ||
| 60–69 | 411 | 84.05 |
| 70–79 | 71 | 14.52 |
| ≥80 | 7 | 1.43 |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 310 | 63.39 |
| Male | 179 | 36.61 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 445 | 91.00 |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 44 | 9.00 |
| Income (¥/month) (median = 200, range = 0–30,000; QR = 2000) | ||
| No income | 187 | 38.24 |
| ≤1000 | 103 | 21.06 |
| 1001–3000 | 139 | 28.43 |
| 3001–5000 | 37 | 7.57 |
| ≥5001 | 23 | 4.70 |
| Education level | ||
| Illiteracy | 191 | 39.06 |
| Primary school | 180 | 36.81 |
| Middle school | 83 | 16.97 |
| High school | 22 | 4.50 |
| Diploma | 6 | 1.23 |
| Bachelor degree or higher | 7 | 1.43 |
| Migrant time | ||
| 6 months to 1 year | 52 | 10.63 |
| More than 1 year to 3 years | 94 | 19.22 |
| More than 3 years | 343 | 70.14 |
| Migrant distance | ||
| From rural to downtown but in the same city | 150 | 30.67 |
| Cross city but in the same province | 59 | 12.07 |
| Cross province | 280 | 57.26 |
| The main purpose of migration | ||
| Taking care of grandchildren | 376 | 76.89 |
| Finding care from the migrant family | 23 | 4.70 |
| Finding mutual care with the migrant family | 57 | 11.66 |
| Others | 33 | 6.75 |