Level of Agitation (RASS Scores) of the Study Participants in the Control and Intervention Groups (N = 52)_
| RASS scores | n | Median (0+4) | IQR | Mean Rank | Min–Max | Mann–Whitney U Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| z | P | ||||||
| Before ETS | 0.00 | 1.000 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
| During ETS | –3.05 | 0.002 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 1 | 1 | 22.50 | 0–1 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 1 | – | 30.50 | 1 | ||
| Immediately after ETS | –3.91 | 0.000 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 0 | – | 20.50 | 0 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 0 | 1 | 32.50 | 0–1 | ||
| 5 min after ETS | 0.00 | 1.000 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
| 15 min after ETS | 0.00 | 1.000 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
Level of Pain Presence (CPOT Scores) of the Study Participants in the Control and Intervention Groups (N = 52)_
| CPOT scores | n | Median (0–8) | IQR | Mean Rank | Min–Max | Mann–Whitney U Test | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| z | P | ||||||
| Before ETS | 0.00 | 1.000 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
| During ETS | −5.97 | 0.000 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 2 | 1 | 14.31 | 1–3 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 4 | 1 | 38.69 | 3–6 | ||
| Immediately after ETS | −5.94 | 0.000 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 0 | 0 | 14.98 | 0–1 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 1 | 1 | 38.02 | 0–3 | ||
| 5 min after ETS | −2.06 | 0.039 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 0 | – | 24.50 | 0 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 0 | 0 | 28.50 | 0–2 | ||
| 15 min after ETS | 0.00 | 1.000 | |||||
| Intervention group | 26 | 0 | – | 26.50 | 0 | ||
| Usual care group | 26 | 0 | 0 | 26.50 | 0 | ||