Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Characteristics of literature included in a systematic review_
| Author | Year | Study sites | Sample sizes | Gender | Age (years) | Measures | Literature quality (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen et al.16 | 2010 | Quanzhou | 171 | 100% female | 20–46 | Self-made questionnaire | 90 |
| Deng et al.17 | 2010 | Dongguan | 120 | 100% female | 17–56 | Self-made questionnaire | 80 |
| Xu et al.18 | 2010 | Harbin | 108 | 88.0% female | 19–49 | Self-made questionnaire | 100 |
| Yin et al.19 | 2013 | Hebei | 672 | 89.3% female | N/A | Self-made questionnaire | 80 |
| Wei et al.20 | 2014 | Nanjing | 256 | 91.0% female | 22–40+ | Self-made questionnaire | 100 |
| Wang et al.21 | 2016 | Yinchuan | 909 | N/A | 31.93 ± 7.42 | Self-made questionnaire | 90 |
| Zhang et al.22 | 2017 | Shizuishan | 172 | 100% female | 20–35+ | Self-made questionnaire and NRS scale | 100 |
| Zhang et al.23 | 2017 | Lvliang | 100 | 93% female | N/A | NRS scale and BDI scale | 90 |
| Tang et al.24 | 2018 | Mainland China | 1279 | 93.7% female | 20–45 | VAS scale and FABQ questionnaire | 100 |
| Guan et al.13 | 2019 | Mainland China | 2458 | 96.4% female | 20–30+ | Self-made questionnaire and VAS scale | 100 |
| Huang25 | 2019 | Zunyi | 203 | N/A | 20–50 | Self-made questionnaire | 90 |
| Li et al.26 | 2019 | Sichuan | 783 | 98.5% female | 19–55 | RMDQ and FABQ questionnaires | 100 |
| Wu27 | 2019 | Nanyang | 648 | N/A | 20–53 | Self-made questionnaire and VAS scale | 80 |
| Zhang et al.28 | 2019 | Shandong | 498 | 85.3% female | 31.1 ± 7.6 | Self-administered questionnaire | 100 |
The demographic information of LBP_
| Variables | Prevalence (%) | CI (%) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 46.4 | 27.9 | 54.8 | 0.001 |
| Female | 75.6 | 67.4 | 83.8 | 0.001 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 19–34 | 64.9 | 53.0 | 76.7 | 0.0001 |
| 35–55 | 75.5 | 70.9 | 80.1 | 0.0001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Unmarried | 33.2 | 16.8 | 49.7 | 0.0001 |
| Married | 69.8 | 49.9 | 89.6 | 0.0001 |
| Education background | ||||
| Secondary school | 73.6 | 67.8 | 79.3 | 0.0001 |
| Junior college | 69.3 | 56.9 | 76.6 | 0.003 |
| Bachelor's degree or above | 63.5 | 48.9 | 71.5 | 0.001 |
| BMI | ||||
| 24 ≤ BMI < 28 | 75.6 | 71.7 | 79.5 | 0.006 |
| 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 | 50.1 | 46.4 | 53.8 | 0.0001 |
| BMI < 18.5 | 37.7 | 30.1 | 45.2 | 0.001 |
| Years of working experience | ||||
| <5 | 56.3 | 43.5 | 69.0 | 0.0001 |
| 5–10 | 72.5 | 64.1 | 80.9 | 0.0001 |
| >10 | 82.2 | 76.8 | 87.6 | 0.014 |