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A Simplified Linear Programming Model for the Assignment of Duplicate Storage Locations Cover

A Simplified Linear Programming Model for the Assignment of Duplicate Storage Locations

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Abstract

Research background

In modern warehouses, there is a strong emphasis on ensuring fast and efficient order-picking. Speed is a critical factor, as customers increasingly demand quick delivery times, especially in the e-commerce sector. Warehouse management optimizes the storage of items and picking routes to minimize delays and maximize productivity, ensuring orders are processed and shipped as quickly as possible. Additional benefits in this field can be achieved by the scattered storage of items. In this paper, we propose a new optimization model that minimizes the weighted sum of shortest distances between picking aisles intended for the storage of correlated items. We assume a decentralized pick-up/drop-off and a random storage of items in the assigned picking aisle. Unlike existing proposals based on exact location assignment, the presented MILP model does not need the distance matrix between storage locations (or picking aisles).

Purpose

Optimal storage location assignment for warehouses with scattered storage.

Research methodology

We use mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models (for optimal storage location assignment) and simulations (for verification of the obtained results).

Results

The adopted simplifications reduce the size of the model by over 99% and allow feasible solutions to be found. We show that for the obtained feasible solutions there is a significant reduction in average order picking times. Additionally, we discuss methods of determining the correlation coefficients between the items.

Novelty

Original storage location assignment concept and optimization model.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2025-0033 | Journal eISSN: 1898-0198 | Journal ISSN: 1730-4237
Language: English
Page range: 286 - 303
Submitted on: Dec 17, 2024
Accepted on: Oct 6, 2025
Published on: Dec 17, 2025
Published by: University of Szczecin
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Grzegorz Tarczyński, published by University of Szczecin
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License.