References
- Aktar, Md.W., Sengupta, D., Chowdhury, A., 2009. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10102-009-0001-710.2478/v10102-009-0001-7
- Averos, J.B., Castro-Olaya, J., Martínez-Chevez, M., Guachambala-Cando, M., Peñarrieta-Bravo, S., Chirinos-Torres, D., García-Cruzatti, L., 2021. Fluctuación poblacional de Premnobius cavipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) en plantaciones de balso (Ochroma pyramidale) en la zona central del litoral ecuatoriano [Population fluctuation of Premnobius cavipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in balso plantations (Ochroma pyramidale) in the central zone of the Ecuadorian coast]. Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 47 (1): e9279. https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v47i1.927910.25100/socolen.v47i1.9279
- Castillo, C.I., 2020. Biodiversity in Ecuador and its immense potential for agricultural pest control. In Chong, P., Newman, D., Steinmacher, D. (eds). Agricultural, forestry and bioindustry biotechnology and biodiscovery. Guayaquil: Springer, p. 143–160.10.1007/978-3-030-51358-0_9
- Castillo, C.C., Gallegos, P.G., Causton, C.E., 2020. Biological control in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. In Van Lenteren, J.C., Bueno, V.H.P., Luna, M.G., Colmenarez, Y.C. (eds). Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: Its rich history and bright future. CABI invasive spcies series, 12. Boston, MA: CABI, p. 220–244.10.1079/9781789242430.0220
- Castillo, P.S., Miró J.J. (eds), 2013. Coccinélidos en cultivos de Tumbes [Coccinellids in crops of Tumbes]. Tumbes, Perú: Universidad Nacional de Tumbes. 69 p.
- Chávez, Y., Castro, R., González, G., Castro, J., Peñarrieta, S., Pérez-Almeida, I., Chirinos, D., Kondo, T., 2019. Population fluctuation of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and survey of some natural enemies in Ecuador. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 45: 449–453.
- Chávez, Y., Chirinos, D.T., González, G., Lemos, N., Fuentes, A., Castro, R., Kondo, T., 2017. Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) and Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) as biological control agents of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in Ecuador. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 77: 180–184. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-5839201700020018010.4067/S0718-58392017000200180
- Cividanes, T., Cividanes, F.J., Matos, B., 2007. Biology of Psyllobora confluens fed with Erysiphe cichoracearum fungus. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasilera, 42: 1675–1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X200700120000210.1590/S0100-204X2007001200002
- Cornejo, X., González, G., 2015. Contribución al conocimiento de la fauna entomológica de los manglares: Olla roatanensis Vandenberg y Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius, dos nuevos registros de Coleoptera: Coccinellidae para Ecuador y Perú [Contribution to knowledge of the entomological fauna of mangroves: Olla roatanensis Vandenberg and Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius, two new records of Coleoptera: Coccinellidae for Ecuador and Peru]. Revista Científica de Ciencias Naturales y Ambien-tales (Ecuador), 8: 76–80.
- Di Rienzo, J.A., Casanoves, F., Balzarini, M.G., Gonzalez, L., Tablada, M., Robledo, C.W., 2018. InfoStat versión 2018 [Computing software]. Córdoba, Argentina: Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
- Elliott, N.C., Kieckhefer, R.W., Beck, D.A., 2002. Effect of aphids and the surrounding landscape on the abundance of Coccinellidae in cornfields. Biological Control, 24: 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00036-110.1016/S1049-9644(02)00036-1
- Erráez Aguilera, M., Mazón, M., Troya Armijos, H., Valarezo Espinoza, D., 2020. Identificación y evaluación de la incidencia de insectos y hongos benéficos asociados a Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) en plantas traspatio (Citrus spp. y Murraya paniculata) del cantón Catamayo (Loja - Ecuador) [Identification and evaluation of the incidence of beneficial insects and fungi associated with Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in backyard plants (Citrus spp. and Murraya paniculata) of the Catamayo canton (Loja - Ecuador)]. Ecuador es Calidad: Revista Científica Ecuatoriana, 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.36331/revista.v7i1.9910.36331/revista.v7i1.99
- Fao (eds), 1981. Tropical Forest Resources Assessment Project (within the framework of the Global Environmental Monitoring System - Sinuvima). Forest Resources of Tropical America. Technical report, vol. 1. Rome, Italy. 429 p.
- Fao, 2018. Integrated management of the fall armyworm on maize. A guide for farmer field schools in Africa. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. 127 p. http://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QC
- Faostat, 2019. Data on food and agriculture. Crops. [cit. 2021-10-06].
- González, G., 2007. Los Coccinellidae de Perú. [cit. 2021-10-06]. http://www.coccinellidae.cl/paginasWebPeru/Paginas/InicioPeru.php
- González, G., 2015. Coccinellidae de Ecuador. [cit. 2021-10-06]. https://www.coccinellidae.cl/paginasWebEcu/Paginas/Coccinellidae_Ecu_01.php
- González, G., 2016. Los Coccinellidae de Colombia. [cit. 2021-10-06]. https://www.coccinellidae.cl/paginasWeb-Col/Paginas/Cheilomenes_sexmaculata_Col.php
- González, G., 2019. Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, 1842. [cit. 2021-10-06]. http://www.coccinellidae.cl/paginasWebTribus/Coccinellini/Paginas/Hippodamia_convergens.html
- Gordon R.D., Canepari, C., 2008. South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part XI: A systematic revision of Hyperaspidini (Hyperaspidinae). Annali Museo Civico di Storia Naturale G. Doria, 99: 245–512.
- Juárez-Noé, G., González-Coronado, U., 2019. Actual-ización a la lista de coleópteros (Insecta: Coleoptera) de la región Piura, Perú [Update to the checklist of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of Piura region, Peru]. Graellsia, 75 (2): e097. https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2019.v75.23310.3989/graellsia.2019.v75.233
- Kondo, T., González, F.G., Tauber, C., Guzmán-Sarmiento, Y.C., Vinasco Mondragon, A.F., Forero, D., 2015. A checklist of natural enemies of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia and the World. Insecta Mundi, 0457: 1–14.
- Kondo, T., Rincón, D.F., Pérez-Álvarez, R., Vásquez-Ordóñez, A.A., González F.G., 2018. Capítulo 9. Uso de depredadores como agentes de control biológico para insectos plaga [Use of predators as biological control agents for pest insects]. In Cotes, A.M. (ed.). Control biológico de fitopatógenos, insectos y ácaros. Volumen 1. Agentes de control biológico. Bogotá, Colombia: Agrosavia Publishers, p. 486–543.
- Luckmann, W.H., Metcalf, R.L., 1975. The pest management concept. In Metcalf, R.L., Luckmann, W.H. (eds). Introduction to insect pest management. New York, U.S.A.: Wiley, p. 1–60.
- MAG, 2020. Cifras agroproductivas. Principales cultivos 2020 [Agro-productive data. Main crops 2020]. [cit. 2021-10-06]. http://sipa.agricultura.gob.ec/index.php/sipa-estadisticas/estadisticas-productivas
- Molineros, J., 1984. Control de la escama algodonosa Icerya purchasi Maskell en Quito y sus alrededores [Control of the cottony scale Icerya purchasi Maskell in Quito and its surroundings]. In Memorias del Encuentro Entomológico Ecuatoriano. Quito, Ecuador: Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, p. 29–30.
- Naranjo, A. (ed.), 2017. La otra guerra: Situación de los plaguicidas en Ecuador [The other war: Situation of pesticides in Ecuador]. Ecuador: Quito. 141 p.
- Pandi, G., Bishwajeet, P., Vivek, S., Karuppan, S., 2012. Feeding potential and biology of the coccinellid predator Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera) in aphid hosts. Indian Journal of Entomology, 74: 388–393.
- Provisor-Bermúdez, Y., López-Martínez, V., 2016. Primer registro de Hippodamia convergens y Cycloneda san-guinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), como depredadores de Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), en sorgo, en Morelos, México [First report of Hippodamia convergens and Cycloneda sanguinea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), as predators of Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on sorghum, in Morelos, Mexico]. Acta Agrícola y Pecuaria, 2: 51–53.
- Ramírez, J., González, G., Sánchez, Y., 2017. First record of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781) (Cole-optera: Coccinellidae) from Colombia. Check List, 14: 77–80. https://doi.org/10.15560/14.1.7710.15560/14.1.77
- Romero, L., Toledo, A., Yagual, C., Segura, E., Castro, R., Chirinos, D.T., 2019. Control biológico natural asociado con Aphis gossypii en pepino, Cucumis sativus L. [Natural biological control associated with Aphis gossypii in cucumber, Cucumis sativus L.]. In Intriago, R., Llerena, A., Intriago, K. Memorias de VII Congreso Latinoamericano de Agroecología, Guayaquil, Ecuador, p. 646–651.
- Santana, F., Granillo, R., Espinoza, I., Aguilar, J., Ortega, J., 2018. Caracterización de la cadena de valor del maíz [Characterization of the corn value chain]. Ingeniero y Conciencia, 5: 1–15.10.29057/ess.v5i9.2899
- Singh, G., Singh, M., 2018. Seasonal incidence of different insect-pests in Kharif maize. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7: 3666–3669.
- Sulong, A.J.Z., Salmah, M., Mohammad, H.S., Norhayati, N., 2019. Survey on pest and disease of corn (Zea mays Linn.) grown at BRIS Soil Area. Yusniza. Journal of Agrobiotechnology, 10: 75–87.
- Vandenberg, N.J., 2002. Family 93. Coccinellidae Latreille 1807. In Arnett, R.H., JR., Thomas, M.C., Skelley, P.E., Frank, J.H., (eds). American beetles. Volume 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. Boca Raton: CRC Press, p. 371–389.
- Weber, D.C., Lundgren, J.G., 2009. Assessing the trophic ecology of the Coccinellidae: Their roles as predators and as prey. Biological Control, 51: 199–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.01310.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.013
- Zach, P., Holecová, M., Brabec, M., Hollá, K., Šebestová, M., Martinková, Z., Skuhrovec, J., Honěk, A., Nedvěd, O., Holec, J., Brown, P.M.J., Saniga, M., Jauschová, T., Kulfan, J. 2020. Scots pine forest in Central Europe as a habitat for Harmonia axyridis: temporal and spatial patterns in the population of an alien ladybird. Folia Oecologica, 47: 81–88. https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2020-001010.2478/foecol-2020-0010