References
- A
cock , A.M., 1940. Vegetation of a calcareous inner fjord region in Spitsbergen. Journal of Ecology, 28: 81–106. - A
lbon , S.T., Irvine , R.J., Halvorsen , O., Langvatn , R., Loe , L.E., Ropstad , E.,Veiberg , V., Van Der Wal , R., Bjorkvoll , E., Duff , E.I., Hansen , B.B., Lee , A.M., Tveraa , T., Stien , A., 2017. Contrasting effects of summer and winter warming on body mass explain population dynamics in a food-limited Arctic herbivore. Global Change Biology, 23: 1374–1389. - A
lendal , E., De Bie , S., Van Wieren , S.E., 1979. Size and composition of the wild reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus population in the Southeast Svalbard Nature Reserve. Holarctic Ecology, 2: 101–107. - A
mbro žová , K., Láska , K., 2017. Air temperature variability in the vertical profile over the coastal area of Petuniabukta, central Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 38: 41–60. - A
ndersson , M.B., 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 624 p. - C
han , K.-S., Mysterud , A., Øritsland , N.A., Severinsen , T., Stenseth , N.C., 2005. Continuous and discrete extreme climatic events affecting the dynamics of a high-arctic reindeer population. Oecologia, 145: 556–563. - C
omiso , J.C., Hall , D.K., 2014. Climate trends in the Arctic as observed from space. WIREs Climate Change, 5 (3): 389–409. - D
erocher , A.E., Wiig , Ø., Bangjord , G., 2000. Predation of Svalbard reindeer by polar bears. Polar Biology, 23: 675–678. - E
ide , N.E., Eid , P.M., Prestrud , P., Swenson , J.E., 2005. Dietary responses of arctic foxes Alopex lagopus to changing prey availability across an Arctic landscape. Wildlife Biology, 11: 109-121. - E
lvebakk , A., 2005. A vegetation map of Svalbard on the scale 1:3.5 mill. Phytocenologia, 35: 951–967. - G
roves , C.P., Leslie , D.M. Jr ., 2011. Family Bovidae (hollow-horned ruminants), In Wilson D.E., Mittermeier R.A. (eds). Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 2, Hoofed mammals. Barcelona: Lynx Editions, Barcelona, p. 444–779. - H
ansen , B.B., Aanes , R., Herfindal , I., Sæther , B.E., Henriksen , S., 2009. Winter habitat–space use in a large arctic herbivore facing contrasting forage abundance. Polar Biology, 32: 971–984. - H
ansen , B.B., Aanes , R., Sæther , B.E., 2010. Feeding crater selection by high-arctic reindeer facing ice-blocked pastures. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 88: 170–177. - H
lôška , L., Chovancová , B., Chovancová , G., Fleischer , P., 2016. Influence of climatic factors on the population dynamics of small mammals (Rodentia, Soricomorpha) on the sites affected by windthrow in the High Tatra Mts. Folia Oecologica, 43: 12–20. - H
owell , D.C., 2014. Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. 677 p. - J
ónsdóttir , I.S., 2005. Terrestrial ecosystems on Svalbard: heterogeneity, complexity and fragility from an Arctic island perspective. Biological Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 105B: 155–165. - K
avan , J., 2018. Observation of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) feeding on Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhyncus) – exceptional behaviour or upcoming trend? Czech Polar Reports, 8: 243–248. - L
aperriere , A. J., Lent , P.C., 1977. Caribou feeding sites in relation to snow characteristics in Northeastern Alaska. Arctic, 30: 101–108. - L
áska , K., Witoszová , D., Prošek , P., 2012. Weather patterns of the coastal zone of Petuniabukta, central Spits-bergen in the period 2008–2010. Polish Polar Research, 33: 297–318. - M
allory , C.D., Boyce , M.S., 2018. Observed and predicted effects of climate change on Arctic caribou and reindeer. Environmental Reviews, 26: 13–25. - M
ysterud , A., Meisingset , E., Langvatn , R., Yoccoz , N.G., Stenseth ., N.C., 2005. Climate-dependent allocation of resources to secondary sexual traits in red deer. Oikos. 111: 245–252. - N
ilsen , F., Cottier , F., Skogseth , R., Mattson , S., 2008. Fjord-shelf exchanges controlled by ice and brine production: the interannual variation of Atlantic Water in Isfjorden, Svalbard. Continental Shelf Research, 28: 1838–1853. - N
orwegian Polar Institute (NPI), 2018. Svalbardkartet. [Maps for Svalbard].[cit. 2018-08-04]. http://svalbardkartet.npolar.no/html5/index.html?viewer=svalbardkartet.html5 - P
edersen , Å.Ø., 2018. Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Norwegian Polar Institute. [cit. 2018-08-04]. http://www.npolar.no/en/species/svalbard-reindeer.html - P
eeters , B., Veiberg , V., Pedersen , A.O., Stien , A., Irvine , R.J., Aanes , R., Saether , B., Strand , O., Hansen , B.B., 2017. Climate and density dependence cause changes in adult sex ratio in a large Arctic herbivore. Ecosphere, 8: e01699. - P
elabon , C., L. Van Breukelen , L., 1998. Asymmetry in antler size in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): an index of individual and population conditions. Oecologia, 116: 1–8. - P
lard , F., Bonenfant , C., Gaillard , J.-M., 2011. Revisiting the allometry of antlers among deer species: male–male sexual competition as a driver. Oikos, 120: 601–606. - P
rach , K., Klimešová , J., Košnar , J., Redčenko , O., Hais , M., 2012. Variability of contemporary vegetation around Petuniabukta, central Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 33: 383–394. - P
rach , K., Košnar , J., Klimešová , J., Hais , M., 2010. High Arctic vegetation after 70 years: a repeated analysis from Svalbard. Polar Biology, 33: 635–639. - P
restrud , P., 1992. Food habits and observations of the hunting behaviour of arctic foxes, Alopex lagopus, in Sval-bard. Canadian Field Naturalist, 106: 225–236. - P
rzybylak , R., Ara źny , A., Nordli , Ø., Finkelnburg , R., Kejna , M., Budzik , T., Migała , K., Sikora , S., Puczko , D., Rymer , K., Rachlewicz , G., 2014. Spatial distribution of air temperature on Svalbard during 1 year with campaign measurements. International Journal of Climatology, 34: 3702–3719. - R
eimers E., 1982. Winter mortality and population trends of reindeer on Svalbard, Norway. Arctic and Alpine Research, 14: 295–300. - R
eimers , E., 1983. Mortality in Svalbard reindeer. Holarctic Ecology, 6: 141–149. - R
eimers , E., 2012. Svalbard reindeer population size and trends in four subareas of Edgeøya. Polar Research, 31: 11089. - S
taaland , H., 1984. On the quality of Svalbard reindeer pasture in the summer and autumn. Rangifer, 4: 16–23. - S
chmidt , K.T., Stien , A., Albon , S.D., Guinness , F.E., 2001. Antler length of yearling red deer is determined by population density, weather and early life-history. Oecologia, 127: 191–197. - S
okolov , A.A., Sokolova , N.A., Ims , R.A., Brucker , L., Ehrich , D., 2016. Emergent rainy winter warm spells may promote boreal predator expansion into the Arctic. Arctic, 69: 121–129. - S
olberg , E.J., Jordhøy , P., Strand , O., Aanes , R., Loison , A., Sæther , B.E., Linnell , J.D.C., 2001. Effects of density-dependence and climate on the dynamics of a Sval-bard reindeer population. Ecography, 24: 441–451. - T
ěšitel , J., Těšitelová , T., Bernardová , A., Janková Drdová , E., Lučanová , M., Klimešová , J., 2014. Demographic population structure and fungal associations of plants colonizing High Arctic glacier forelands, Petuniabukta, Svalbard. Polar Research, 33: 20797. - T
homas , D., Barry , S., 2005. Antler mass of barren-ground caribou relative to body condition and pregnancy rate. Arctic, 58: 241–246. - T
yler , N.J.C., 1987. Natural limitation of the abundance of the High Arctic Svalbard reindeer. PhD thesis. Cambridge: University of Cambridge. 321 p. - T
yler , N.J.C., 1993. Svalbardrein [Svalbard reindeer]. Ottar, 195: 51–58. (In Norwegian). - T
yler , N.J.C., Forchhammer , M.C., Øritsland , N.A., 2008. Nonlinear effects of climate and density in the dynamics of a fluctuating population of reindeer. Ecology, 89: 1675–1686. - T
yler , N.J.C., Øritsland , N.A., 1989. Why don’t Sval-bard reindeer migrate? Holarctic Ecology, 12: 369–376. - V
anpé , C., Gaillard , J., Kjellander , P., Mysterud , A., Magnien , P., Delorme , D., Van Laere , G., Klein , F., Liberg , O., Hewison , A.J.M., 2007. Antler size provides an honest signal of male phenotypic quality in roe deer. The American Naturalist, 169: 481–493. - V
uojala -Magga , T., Turunen , M., Ryyppo , T., Tennberg , M.. 2011. Resonance strategies of Sámi reindeer herders in Northernmost Finland during climatically extreme years. Arctic, 64: 227–241. - W
alton J., 1922. A Spitsbergen salt marsh: with observations on the ecological phenomena attendant on the emergence of land from the sea. Journal of Ecology, 10: 109–121. - W
ollebaek , A., 1926. The Spitsbergen reindeer (Rangifer tarandus spetsbergensis). Norske Videnskaps-Akademii i Oslo. Resultater av de norske statsunderstøttede Spitsbergenekspedisjoner, Bd. 1., nr 4. 71 p.