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Types of Criticisms of Authentic Leadership (Source: Own elaboration)
| Type of criticism | Author(s) |
|---|---|
| Lack of collectivism due to leader centricity, which focuses on the self and who the leader is | Algera and Lips-Wiersma (2012); Avolio, et al. (2004) |
| Adaptability is misconstrued as a deviation and lack of self-consistency between values, beliefs, and actions | Alvesson and Einola (2019) |
| Authentic followership is not examined as an independent construct but rather an extension of authentic leadership | Crawford, et al. (2020) |
| Authentic leadership and transformational leadership are closely related, hence construct redundancy | Crawford, et al. (2020) |
| Confounding the authenticity of action with the authenticity of a person exhibiting the act | Helmuth, et al. (2023:2) |