Figure 1.
The time horizon for studying the event.
(Source: Authors’ own research)
Figure 2.
Research questions.
(Source: Authors’ own research)
Table 1.
Conflict cost clusters including cost variables
| - | Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|---|
| Internal |
Internal direct: Legal and dispute costs, discrimination claims, grievance, compensation settlements, litigation, theft and damage, fees to lawyers and professionals, vandalism, sabotage, performance declines, decreased quality, inability to meet deadlines, loss in productivity, increased supervision costs, accidents |
Internal indirect: Wasted time worrying about conflict, dealing with conflict, and resolving conflict, pretending to work, absenteeism, presenteeism*, decreased time at work, decreased work effort, less diligence, avoiding behavior/shun contact, sick leave, psychological and physical disease, voluntary departures from team or organization, attacking behaviors, change resistance, extra time gathering information, counterproductive work behavior, lost time due to not listening**, lost time pointing out mistakes**, bad-quality decision-making, no decision-making |
| External |
External direct: Legal suits, compensation claims, customer complaint handling, loss of ongoing relationship |
External indirect: Employer reputation, difficulty to attract talent, damage to brand image |
Figure 3.
Correlations of national conflict situation.
(Source: Authors’ own research)
Figure 4.
Correlations of international conflict situation.
(Source: Authors’ own research)
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics: mean, SD, min. and max.
| - | National | International | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | M | SD | Min. | Max. | M | SD | Min. | Max. |
| Wasted time due to involvement in conflict | 4.28 | 8.76 | 0 | 50 | 4.59 | 9.38 | 0 | 50 |
| Wasted time worrying about conflict | 4.79 | 9.35 | 0 | 50 | 3.73 | 6.80 | 0 | 50 |
| Pretended to work | 1.31 | 4.53 | 0 | 50 | 1.42 | 5.83 | 0 | 50 |
| Counterproductive working behavior | 0.94 | 3.73 | 0 | 50 | 1.68 | 6.75 | 0 | 50 |
| Additional time for information gathering | 2.45 | 6.16 | 0 | 50 | 2.99 | 7.27 | 0 | 50 |
| Lost time due to avoiding behavior | 1.90 | 5.82 | 0 | 50 | 2.01 | 5.91 | 0 | 50 |
| Lost time due to not listening purposely | 0.74 | 3.32 | 0 | 50 | 1.2 | 4.66 | 0 | 50 |
| Lost time due to personal attacks | 1.75 | 6.32 | 0 | 50 | 1.65 | 5.37 | 0 | 50 |
| Lost time due to pointing out mistakes | 1.65 | 5.49 | 0 | 50 | 2.34 | 6.77 | 0 | 50 |
| Less time at work | 1.64 | 5.72 | 0 | 50 | 1.52 | 5.05 | 0 | 50 |
| Wasted time solving a conflict | 5.17 | 10.3 | 0 | 50 | 4.71 | 8.98 | 0 | 50 |
| Sick leave to avoid conflict | 28.7 | 125. | 0 | 1200 | 34.4 | 142. | 0 | 1200 |
| Psychological/physical disease due to conflict | 64.4 | 214. | 0 | 1200 | 57.6 | 193. | 0 | 1200 |
| Absenteeism | 63.5 | 213. | 0 | 1200 | 52.4 | 162 | 0 | 1200 |
Table 3.
Relation – conflicts per year and international involvement
| Conflicts per Year | International Involvement | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group Ranks | Description | Participant Count | Mean | Median | |
| 1 | No conflicts per year | 75 | 29.4 |  | 20 |
| 2 | Up to 5 conflicts per year | 364 | 38.1 |  | 30 |
| 3 | Up to 10 conflicts per year | 129 | 45.2 |  | 45 |
| 4 | Up to 30 conflicts per year | 72 | 39.6 |  | 35 |
| 5 | Up to 50 conflicts per year | 35 | 49.4 |  | 50 |
| Conflicts per Year: | Mean 2.449 | Median 2 | |||
Table 4.
Conflict duration in national and international cooperation
| Conflict Duration | Samples | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Group Rank | Description | National | International |
| 1 | Up to 1 week | 229 | 88 |
| 2 | Up to 1 month | 115 | 52 |
| 3 | 1-6 months | 84 | 26 |
| 4 | 6 to 12 months | 26 | 11 |
| 5 | Longer than 12 months | 36 | 8 |
| Median | 2 | 2 | |
Table 5.
Conflict strength in national and international cooperation
| Conflict Strength | Samples | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Group Rank | Description | National | International |
| 1 | Latent | 57 | 26 |
| 2 | Weak | 146 | 53 |
| 3 | Medium | 222 | 81 |
| 4 | Manifest | 45 | 18 |
| 5 | Aftermath | 20 | 7 |
| Median | 3 | 3 | |
Figure 4.
Correlations of international conflict situation.
(Source: Authors’ own research)