Effects of nano oxide particles on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of okra plant under water deficiency

Wang, Jiyue; Xu, Jiajun; Xie, Rongrong; Chen, Nian; Yang, Mingli; Tian, Xiaojian; Shi, Denghong

doi:10.2478/fhort-2024-0029

Figures & Tables

The correlation coefficient of okra plant treated with ANPs under water stress. A, photosynthetic rate; ANPs, aluminium oxide nanoparticles; Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; DW, dry weight of each plant; E, transpiration rate; FW, fresh weight of each plant; gsw, stomatal conductance to water vapour; gtc, total conductivity to CO2; gtw, total conductivity to water vapour; HP, height of plant; LPA, leaf projected area; MC, moisture content; NPs, nanoparticles; RPA, root projected area; RSA, root surface area; RTL, root total length; SD, stem diameter; WUE, water use efficiency.

The correlation coefficient of okra plant treated with SNPs under water stress. A, photosynthetic rate; Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; DW, dry weight of each plant; E, transpiration rate; FW, fresh weight of each plant; gsw, stomatal conductance to water vapour; gtc, total conductivity to CO2; gtw, total conductivity to water vapour; HP, height of plant; LPA, leaf projected area; MC, moisture content; NPs, nanoparticles; RPA, root projected area; RSA, root surface area; RTL, root total length; SD, stem diameter; SNPs, silica nanoparticles; WUE, water use efficiency.

The correlation coefficient of okra plant treated with TNPs under water stress. A, photosynthetic rate; Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; DW, dry weight of each plant; E, transpiration rate; FW, fresh weight of each plant; gsw, stomatal conductance to water vapour; gtc, total conductivity to CO2; gtw, total conductivity to water vapour; HP, height of plant; LPA, leaf projected area; MC, moisture content; NPs, nanoparticles; RPA, root projected area; RSA, root surface area; RTL, root total length; SD, stem diameter; TNPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles; WUE, water use efficiency.

The function values of phenotypic characteristics in okra plant with NPs under water stress_

NPs	Concentration (mg · kg⁻¹)	Phenotypic characteristics											Sum	Order
NPs	Concentration (mg · kg⁻¹)	HP	SD	LMR	FW	DW	MC	RTL	RPA	RSA	LPA	NGL	Sum	Order
ANPs	0	0.00	0.18	0.00	0.46	0.95	0.00	0.19	0.00	0.00	1.00	0.49	3.27	12
	10	0.75	0.26	0.03	0.31	0.64	0.10	0.53	0.44	0.44	0.48	0.00	3.98	8
	20	0.88	0.00	0.26	0.45	0.80	0.18	0.59	0.11	0.11	0.51	0.08	3.97	9
	30	1.00	0.63	0.27	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.10	1.00	9.00	2
	50	0.13	0.29	0.13	0.00	0.00	0.50	0.88	0.31	0.31	0.21	0.28	3.04	13
	70	0.14	1.00	1.00	0.38	0.41	0.66	0.00	0.13	0.13	0.00	0.53	4.38	7
SNPs	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10	18
	10	0.12	0.31	0.53	0.19	0.18	1.00	0.17	0.21	0.21	0.14	0.24	3.30	11
	20	0.17	0.19	0.53	0.15	0.04	0.00	0.30	0.28	0.28	0.12	0.51	2.57	16
	30	0.15	0.29	0.77	0.28	0.28	0.64	0.55	0.24	0.24	0.31	0.75	4.50	6
	50	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.47	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.89	10.36	1
	70	0.04	0.33	0.44	0.37	0.42	0.03	0.55	0.72	0.60	0.19	1.00	4.69	5
TNPs	0	1.00	0.00	0.34	1.00	1.00	0.91	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.16	8.41	3
	10	0.34	0.28	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.79	0.51	0.27	0.27	0.07	0.32	2.85	15
	20	0.00	0.37	0.56	0.06	0.43	0.00	0.27	0.04	0.04	0.13	1.00	2.90	14
	30	0.22	0.37	0.67	0.08	0.18	0.52	0.18	0.08	0.08	0.16	0.89	3.43	10
	50	0.76	1.00	1.00	0.55	0.49	1.00	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.36	0.00	7.38	4
	70	0.29	0.05	0.16	0.05	0.03	0.86	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.55	1.99	17

Growth parameters of okra plant treated with NPs under water stress_

NPs	Concentration	Irrigation	HP (mm)	SD (mm)	LMR (mm)	FW(g)	DW(g)	MC	RTL (cm)	RPA (cm²)	RSA (cm²)	LPA (cm²)	NGL
ANPs	0	Control	176.88 ±5.64 a	3.21 ± 0.10 a	64.31 ± 3.52 a	5.02± 1.88 a	0.48 ±0.13 a	0.90 ±0.02 a	129.61 ± 1.08 a	3.98 ±0.51 a	12.51 ± 1.6 a	63.91 ±7.29 a	5.09 ±0.36 a
	0	Water	110.65 ±3.12d	2.03 ± 0.07 d	41.56± 1.51 b	1.32± 0.30b	0.16 ±0.05 b	0.88 ± 0.01 c	36.90 ±2.75 c	0.91 ±0.13 b	2.86 ± 0.39 b	23.32 ± 1.69 b	2.80 ±0.31 be
	10	stress	134.84 ±4.63 c	2.05 ± 0.04 d	42.22 ± 5.19 b	1.25 ± 0.08 b	0.15 ±0.01 b	0.88 ± 0.00 c	42.23 ±2.84 be	1.04±O.04b	3.26 ± 0.13 b	18.64± 1.20 be	2.49 ±0.16 c
	20		139.09 ±3.90 be	1.97± 0.04d	46.84± 2.8 b	1.32± 0.08 b	0.15 ±0.01 b	0.88 ± 0.00 c	43.18 ±4.44 be	0.94±0.11 b	2.97 ± 0.36 b	18.89 ±0.44 be	2.54 ±0.26 be
	30		143.04 ± 3.17 b	2.18 ± 0.05 c	47.23 ± 2.38 b	1.59± 0.18 b	0.16 ±0.03 b	0.90 ±0.01 ab	49.57 ± 7.20 b	1.20 ± 0.16 b	3.77 ± 0.49 b	15.17 ±0.29 c	3.13 ±0.64b
	50		114.90 ± 2.02 d	2.07± O.04d	44.29 ± 4.14 b	1.10± 0.09b	0.12 ± 0.02 b	0.89 ±0.01 be	47.74 ± 12.53 b	1.00 ± 0.20 b	3.15 ± 0.62 b	16.16±0.69c	2.67 ±0.21 be
	70		115.14± 2.69 d	2.31 ± 0.11 b	62.22 ± 1.55 a	1.28 ± 0.08 b	0.14 ±0.01 b	0.89 ±0.00 be	33.96 ± 2.94 c	0.95 ± 0.10 b	2.98 ± 0.32 b	14.24 ±0.65 c	2.83 ±0.16 be
SNPs	0	Control	!80.6±6.87b	3.07 ± 0.03 b	65.48 ±3.58 c	4.09 ± 0.37 a	0.52 ±0.04 a	0.87 ± 0.01 a	128.90 ±2.38 a	3.78 ±0.20 a	12.35 ±2.11 a	50.22 ± 6.00 b	4.02 ±0.38 a
	0	Water	109.72 ± 1.04 e	2.18 ± 0.09 d	41.71 ± 1.50 d	0.99 ± 0.10 c	0.12 ±0.01 c	0.88 ± 0.00 a	31.72 ±5.43 f	1.14 ± 0.34 b	3.59 ± 1.06 b	13.25 ±0.55 e	3.01 ±0.48 b
	10	stress	120.79 ±3.36 cd	2.58 ± 0.09 c	65.11 ± 3.65 c	1.68 ± 0.23 be	0.19 ± 0.05 be	0.89 ± 0.01 a	45.89 ± 1.85 e	1.74 ± 0.34 b	5.46 ± 1.07b	19.97 ±2.41 d	3.19 ±0.49 ab
	20		125.63 ± 3.26 c	2.43 ± 0.03 c	65.31 ± 3.72 c	1.51 ± 0.82 be	0.13 ± 0.04 c	0.88 ± 0.09 a	57.08 ± 4.18 d	1.94 ± 0.32 b	6.09 ± 1.01 b	19.04 ± 1.19 d	3.39 ± 0.79 ab
	30		123.34 ± 9.99 c	2.55 ± 0.05 c	76.07 ± 1.91 b	2.00 ± 0.13 be	0.23 ± 0.01 be	0.89 ± 0.01 a	78.51 ± 0.84d	1.84 ± 0.46 b	5.77 ± 1.43 b	27.93 ± 3.15 c	3.57 ± 0.40 ab
	50		202.77 ± 5.61 a	3.48 ± 0.17 a	86.11 ± 3.13 a	4.62 ± 1.72 a	0.51 ± 0.19 a	0.88 ± 0.04 a	116.92 ± 11.79 b	4.02 ± 1.52 a	12.61 ± 4.78 a	60.31 ± 1.53 a	3.67 ± 0.58 ab
	70		113.11 ± 4.19 de	2.60 ± 0.16bc	61.06 ± 0.75 c	2.33 ± 0.20 b	0.28 ± 0.06 b	0.88 ± 0.02 a	78.24 ± 2.68 c	3.21 ± 0.87 a	9.01 ± 0.90 b	22.24 ± 0.71 d	3.75 ± 0.66 ab
TNPs	0	Control	171.22 ±4.60 a	3.28 ± 0.21 a	70.02 ± 2.06 b	5.50 ± 2.24 a	0.50 ± 0.12 a	0.90 ± 0.02 a	121.58 ± 8.92 a	3.48 ± 0.34 a	11.27 ± 0.52 a	65.47 ± 2.77 a	5.49 ± 1.22 a
	0	Water	111.58 ± 1.66b	2.09 ± 0.03 c	43.31 ± 1.08 e	2.28 ± 1.30 b	0.21 ± 0.12 b	0.91 ± 0.01 a	34.59 ± 1.00 b	0.92 ± 0.10 b	2.89 ± 0.33 b	28.74 ± 0.64 b	3.67 ± 0.76 b
	10	stress	69.35 ± 6.50 d	2.20 ± 0.04 c	25.70 ± 1.85 g	0.73 ± 0.06 b	0.07 ± 0.01 b	0.90 ± 0.01 a	23.42 ± 3.21 c	0.49 ± 0.10 c	1.54 ± 0.35 c	6.48 ± 0.53 de	3.83 ± 0.29 ab
	20		47.90 ± 2.19 f	2.23 ± 0.07 c	55.09 ± 2.39 d	0.83 ± 0.36 b	0.13 ± 0.12 b	0.86 ± 0.07 a	17.73 ± 0.54 cd	0.36 ± 0.01 c	1.11 ± 0.04 c	7.73 ± 1.58 d	4.56 ± 0.51 ab
	30		61.60 ± 3.86 e	2.23 ± 0.05 c	61.03 ± 0.72 c	0.85 ± 0.14b	0.10 ± 0.03 b	0.89 ± 0.01 a	15.87 ± 0.59 d	0.38 ± 0.05 c	1.19 ± 0.16 c	8.60 ± 1.26 d	4.44 ± 0.51 ab
	50		96.20 ± 4.31 c	2.48 ± 0.11 b	78.20 ± 2.45 a	1.58 ± 0.22 b	0.14 ± 0.07 b	0.91 ± 0.04 a	28.53 ± 2.35 be	0.77 ± 0.19 b	2.40 ± 0.60 b	13.46 ± 1.46 c	3.50 ± 1.80b
	70		66.31 ± 5.38 de	2.11 ± 0.11 c	33.88 ± 3.70 f	0.81 ± 0.09b	0.08 ± 0.02 b	0.90 ± 0.01 a	11.63 ± 0.45 d	0.33 ± 0.04 c	1.04 ± 0.11 c	4.70 ± 0.40 e	4.08 ± 0.14 ab

Photosynthesis characteristics of seedlings in okra treated with NPs under water stress_

NPs	Concentration	Irrigation	Photosynthesis parameters
NPs	Concentration	Irrigation	E (μmol · nr² · s⁻¹)	A (μmol · nr² · s⁻¹)	Ci (μmol · mob¹)	gsw (mol · nr² · s⁻¹)	gtw (mol · m ² · s⁻¹)	gtc (mol · nr² · s⁻¹)	WUE (μmol · nr² · s⁻¹)
ANPs	0	Control	7.52 ± 0.39 a	14.28 ± 0.38 a	321.43 ± 9.25 a	0.35 ± 0.02 a	0.31 ± 0.00 a	0.20 ± 0.01 a	1.90 ± 0.14 c
	0	Water	2.10 ± 0.06 b	7.99 ± 0.12 b	206.61 ± 13.62 b	0.09 ± 0.01 be	0.10 ± 0.00 c	0.06 ± 0.00 e	3.81 ± 0.17 ab
	10	stress	2.56 ± 0.40 b	7.95 ± 0.42 b	207.07 ± 12.81 b	0.09 ± 0.01 be	0.10 ± 0.01 c	0.06 ± 0.00 e	3.15 ± 0.53 ab
	20		2.60 ± 0.34 b	7.82 ± 0.25 b	215.40 ± 8.05 b	0.08 ± 0.00 c	0.10 ± 0.00 c	0.07 ± 0.00 d	3.05 ± 0.49 b
	30		2.55 ± 0.35 b	7.63 ± 0.40 b	219.72 ± 14.28 b	0.09 ± 0.01 be	0.11 ± 0.00 be	0.07 ± 0.00 d	3.02 ± 0.35 b
	50		2.12 ± 0.08 b	8.06 ± 0.62 b	222.33 ± 4.49 b	0.10 ± 0.02 b	0.12 ± 0.01b	0.08 ± 0.00 c	3.82 ± 0.43 a
	70		2.44 ± 0.41 b	7.81 ± 0.37 b	217.09 ± 11.86 b	0.09 ± 0.01 be	0.10 ± 0.01 c	0.10 ± 0.00 b	3.24 ± 0.39 ab
SNPs	0	Control	7.14 ± 0.56 b	13.87 ± 0.63 ab	317.39 ± 8.41 b	0.34 ± 0.03 b	0.31 ± 0.01 b	0.20 ± 0.01 b	1.95 ± 0.07 e
	0	Water	2.00 ± 0.07 d	7.89 ± 0.51 e	204.87 ± 12.62 e	0.10 ± 0.01 f	0.10 ± 0.00 g	0.06 ± 0.00 f	3.95 ± 0.18 d
	10	stress	2.19 ± 0.02 d	10.09 ± 0.30 d	263.00 ± 3.46 d	0.16 ± 0.01 e	0.14 ± 0.00 f	0.09 ± 0.00 e	4.61 ± 0.10 b
	20		2.53 ± 0.06 d	10.98 ± 0.69 d	274.91 ± 4.08 c	0.21 ± 0.00 d	0.16 ± 0.01 e	0.10 ± 0.00 d	4.33 ± 0.20 c
	30		2.72 ± 0.05 cd	13.21 ± 0.46 be	314.89 ± 6.55 b	0.29 ± 0.01 c	0.25 ± 0.00 d	0.15 ± 0.00 c	4.86 ± 0.08 a
	50		7.73 ± 0.57 a	14.67 ± 0.83 a	346.95 ± 1.54 a	0.41 ± 0.04 a	0.36 ± 0.01 a	0.23 ± 0.00 a	1.9 ± 0.04 e
	70		3.17 ± 0.10 c	12.35 ± 0.10 c	319.89 ± 2.76 b	0.27 ± 0.01 c	0.26 ± 0.01 c	0.16 ± 0.00 c	3.9 ± 0.14 d
TNPs	0	Control	7.62 ± 0.63 a	13.43 ± 1.09 a	322.16 ± 2.87 a	0.35 ± 0.03 a	0.31 ± 0.00 a	0.20 ± 0.02 a	1.77 ± 0.19 c
	0	Water	2.16 ± 0.10 b	8.07 ± 0.49 b	216.04 ± 1.38 b	0.10 ± 0.01 b	0.10 ± 0.00 b	0.06 ± 0.00 b	3.74 ± 0.36 a
	10	stress	1.65 ± 0.09 c	6.61 ± 0.86 c	190.11 ± 2.74 d	0.06 ± 0.00 c	0.06 ± 0.00 c	0.04 ± 0.00 c	4.01 ± 0.31 a
	20		1.37 ± 0.05 c	5.46 ± 0.14 d	148.45 ± 5.27 f	0.04 ± 0.00 c	0.04 ± 0.00 e	0.03 ± 0.00 c	4.00 ± 0.24 a
	30		1.22 ± 0.07 c	3.45 ± 0.31 e	162.88 ± 6.54 e	0.05 ± 0.00 c	0.05 ± 0.00 d	0.03 ± 0.00 c	2.84 ± 0.39 b
	50		1.91 ± 0.05 be	7.51 ± 0.3 be	204.84 ± 1.11 c	0.09 ± 0.00 b	0.09 ± 0.00 b	0.06 ± 0.00 b	3.93 ± 0.25 a
	70		1.30 ± 0.05 c	3.29 ± 0.08 e	152.70 ± 2.34 f	0.04 ± 0.00 c	0.04 ± 0.00 e	0.03 ± 0.00 c	2.54 ± 0.09 b

The function values of photosynthetic parameters in okra plant with NPs under water stress_

NPs	Concentratio (mg · kg⁻¹)	Photosynthetic parameters							Sum	Order
NPs	Concentratio (mg · kg⁻¹)	E	A	Ci	gsw	gtw	gtc	WUE	Sum	Order
ANPs	0	1.00	0.83	0.00	0.58	0.00	0.00	0.99	3.40	9
	10	0.71	0.75	0.03	0.56	0.35	0.05	0.16	2.61	13
	20	0.77	0.45	0.56	0.80	0.39	0.11	0.03	3.11	10
	30	0.69	0.00	0.83	0.60	0.46	0.21	0.00	2.79	11
	50	0.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	1.00	0.36	1.00	4.36	4
	70	0.51	0.41	0.67	1.00	0.38	1.00	0.28	4.25	6
SNPs	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.69	0.69	17
	10	0.03	0.32	0.41	0.21	0.14	0.16	0.92	2.19	14
	20	0.09	0.46	0.49	0.36	0.20	0.22	0.82	2.64	12
	30	0.13	0.78	0.77	0.62	0.48	0.56	1.00	4.34	5
	50	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.85	1.00	0.00	5.85	3
	70	0.20	0.66	0.81	0.57	0.52	0.61	0.68	4.05	7
TNPs	0	1.00	1.00	0.85	0.54	1.00	1.00	0.82	6.21	1
	10	0.45	0.70	0.52	0.16	0.40	0.23	1.00	3.46	8
	20	0.16	0.45	0.00	0.01	0.07	0.00	0.99	1.68	15
	30	0.00	0.03	0.18	0.09	0.20	0.05	0.21	0.76	16
	50	0.74	0.46	1.00	1.00	0.95	0.93	0.95	6.03	2
	70	0.08	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.16	18

Effects of nano oxide particles on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of okra plant under water deficiency

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

The function values of phenotypic characteristics in okra plant with NPs under water stress_

Growth parameters of okra plant treated with NPs under water stress_

Photosynthesis characteristics of seedlings in okra treated with NPs under water stress_

The function values of photosynthetic parameters in okra plant with NPs under water stress_

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